金藻的分类与分布分别在哪里?

2025-03-29 23:50:27
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

认识金藻

金藻是藻类植物的一门。藻体为单细胞或集成群体,浮游或附着。载色体为金褐色,除含叶绿素外,还含有较多的类胡萝卜素。属单细脑游动的种类,无细胞壁,有细胞壁的种类,其组成物质主要为果胶。多具1或2根顶生的鞭毛(3根的少见),鞭毛等长或不等长。贮藏食物为油类和麦白蛋白。繁殖方法有断裂(群体种类)、分裂、产生游动孢子(无鞭毛的种类);有性生殖少见,属同配接合。主要分布在温度较低的清澈淡水中。

金藻

金藻是A.Pascher(1914)所设的植物分类系统中的一门。是含有大量β-胡萝卜素和黄嘌呤的天然色素而呈黄绿色或金褐色的藻类。贮藏物为由β-葡聚糖的金藻多糖(金藻昆布糖)和油脂,不形成淀粉。细胞壁一般为如衣箱似的两层叠合起来构成的,有的含有硅酸。可按有无鞭毛以及单细胞或群体等来划分。无性繁殖有各种方式:靠细胞分裂(如异变形虫)、游动孢子(如气球藻属)、内生孢子(如棕鞭藻属)、似亲孢子(如绿蛇藻属)、不动孢子(如黄丝藻)、厚壁孢子(如黄丝藻)等,尤其可形成内生孢子是这一门植物的特征。有性生殖也有各种方式:靠有鞭毛(黄丝藻)和无鞭毛(羽纹硅藻)的同形配子的融合、异形配子的融合(气球藻属)、自体受精(在硅藻形成复大孢子)等,本门植物约有300属6000种。其中3/4是淡水产,其余为海产。从前把黄藻纲划为绿藻纲,把金藻纲归入鞭毛藻类,并认为硅藻纲与褐藻类有关系,但从它们的贮藏物质和颜色的相似性、营养细胞或孢子有二层套合的外壳以及形成特殊的内生孢子等方面来看,应归入金藻门。然而因为光合色素、贮藏物质以及生殖细胞的相似,最近又将它们与褐藻类合并总称为杂色植物门,除根绿藻目外,该门植物的各个目在进化阶段上部可以和绿藻类的各个目相比较。

金藻

金藻的下属分类

金藻门仅1纲,约200属,有1000种左右。根据从单细胞到丝状体的进化阶段分为5个目:金胞藻目、根金藻目、金囊藻目、金球藻目、金枝藻目。

金胞藻目又称金鞭藻目、金藻目。本目包括具鞭毛,能运动的单细胞或群体类型的金藻。鞭毛有1~2条,罕有3条,等长或不等长。细胞裸露,无细胞壁,或周质上有微小的硅质鳞片或钙质沉淀,或原生质体外有坚固的囊壳。多为浮游性种类。

金藻的地理分布

金藻多分布在淡水中,海水中也有分布。金藻在透明度大、温度较低、有机质含量少、pH值为4~6的微酸性水、含钙质较少的软水中生活。一般在较寒冷的冬季、晚秋和早春等季节生长旺盛。

金藻的分类地位

在21世纪前,人们将金藻门列入动物界原生动物门。21世纪初,发现了具有典型植物性细胞壁构造的金球藻类和金枝藻类,其原生质体和生殖细胞的构造与具鞭毛的金藻类相同,从而将它们置于一个纲中,并将它们从动物界移到植物界。

金藻门的起源问题没有解决,由于发现了原绿藻,人们推论金藻可能由原核的,具叶绿素a和叶绿素c的藻类进化而来。藻类学家们还认为金藻门和黄藻门有密切的亲缘关系,因为两者在鞭毛、细胞壁及色素等方面相似。

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