Mahjong
Setup
Building the Wall
Place all the tiles face-down on the table and shuffle them. Then, build them into a square structure known as the Wall. If you have Flowers and Seasons (for a total of 144 tiles), then each side will be eighteen tiles long; if you don't (for a total of 136 tiles), then each side will be seventeen tiles long. In either case, it is two tiles high and one tile deep. Place the tiles face-down with the long axis of the tile prependicular to the long axis of the section of wall it's in.
Breaking the Wall
The current East rolls the dice, and counts around the table to determine a player, who then rolls the dice again and counts that many tiles from the end of his or her section of wall. Staring with East, each player in turn takes four tiles at a time from the wall (a section two tiles wide and two tall), repeating until everyone has twelve tiles. East then takes the next tile from the edge of the wall, and the tile two over. Each other player then takes one tile, leaving the tile under the last tile East took as the next tile to be drawn when the game actually begins. The seventh pair of tiles from the other end of the wall is taken up, and a tile is placed on top of the last and third-to-last pairs in the wall. These fourteen tiles separated from the rest of the Wall form the Dead Wall.
汉魏以后,博戏发生了根本性的变化。博戏中的棋子脱离琼而独立行棋,向象棋方向发展,成为一种游戏。而博戏的琼变为五木,即五个木制的骰子,也独立成为一种博戏用具,称为樗蒲。以掷点分胜负。相传这又为曹植所造的骰子当时用玉制成,后改用骨制。变五木为两骰,立方体,其六面刻点,点数从一到六。所以当时又叫“双六”。123456789
麻将的由来:
麻将,也称之为“麻雀”或“雀牌”,是正宗的国粹。打麻将是我国国粹中最普及的一种文娱活动,它是由明末盛行的马吊牌、纸牌发展、演变而来的。而马吊牌、纸牌等娱乐游戏,又都与我国历史上最古老的娱乐游戏——“博戏”有着千丝万缕的联系。甚至是“血缘”关系。现在流行的棋、牌等博弈戏娱,无不是在博戏的基础上发展、派生、演变而来的。
古博戏始于何时,准确年代很难说清。据《史记》和其他有关文字的记载,博戏的产生至少在殷纣王之前。
我国最早的博戏叫“六博”,有六支箸和12个棋子,箸是一种长形的竹制品,相当于今天打麻将牌时所用的骰子。
据《颜氏家训·杂艺》所载,可知博戏又分大博、小博。大博的行棋之法已不可考。小博的玩法在《古博经》里有比较详细的记载。
其方法是:两人相对坐,棋盘为12道,两头当中为水。把长方形的黑白各六个棋子放在棋盘上。又用鱼两枚,置于水中。比赛双方轮流掷琼(即骰子),根据掷采的大小,借以决定棋子前进的步数。棋子到达终点,将棋子竖起来,成为骁棋(或称枭棋)。成为骁的棋,便可入水“牵鱼”获筹。获六筹为胜。未成骁的棋,就称为散棋。骁棋可以攻击对方的棋子,也可以放弃行走的机会而不动,散棋却不可。
麻将的转变:
汉魏以后,博戏发生了根本性的变化。博戏中的棋子脱离琼而独立行棋,向象棋方向发展,成为一种游戏。而博戏的琼变为五木,即五个木制的骰子,也独立成为一种博戏用具,称为樗蒲。以掷点分胜负。相传这又为曹植所造的骰子当时用玉制成,后改用骨制。变五木为两骰,立方体,其六面刻点,点数从一到六。所以当时又叫“双六”。