推荐回答(2个)

228年春,诸葛亮第一次率军北伐。令赵云邓芝佯攻眉城,诸葛亮本人亲率大军进攻祁山方向。魏军中计,一时间陇右的天水、南安、安定三郡失陷,姜维投降,蜀军威声大震。曹睿急令司马懿率军抵抗,孟达由于做事不密,被司马懿斩首。司马懿命张郃为先锋,直奔街亭。
而诸葛亮也料到,街亭乃交通要道,司马懿必取,于是令马谡前去镇守街亭。只可以马谡未能按照诸葛亮的部署,在山上安营扎寨,导致张郃围山,蜀军断水,不战自乱。最终马谡率领残部突围逃走,蜀军极为被动,不得不全线撤退。诸葛亮一怒之下,将马谡斩首。那么若面对张郃的五万大军,又有谁能够守住街亭呢?以下便是个人的观点。

首先马谡之所以痛失街亭,除了马谡本身能力不足,更重要的是诸葛亮的决策失误。
马谡此人,其实早在刘备还在世时,就已经表现出了自身的缺点了。虽然其擅谈军事,一说起来就口若悬河,滔滔不绝,但是刘备却早就看透了他的本质并告诫诸葛亮,说马谡此人言过其实,不可重用。但是诸葛亮却并没有将这一句话放在心上。在选用大将前去镇守街亭时,不知是出于对亲信势力的培养,还是单纯对马谡的信任,依旧选择了马谡,导致了最终的街亭之败。

但是若是细究起来,街亭之败的罪魁祸首也并非马谡,而是诸葛亮。若非诸葛亮决策失误,识人不清,任用马谡为街亭守将,或许街亭并不会轻而易举的就被曹魏大军所破。况且据《三国志·马谡传》记载,诸葛亮在作战前曾力排众议,"皆以宜魏延吴懿为将,亮违众拔谡"。
我相信,作为顶级谋士的诸葛亮不会不清楚,街亭之地的重要性。它地处陇山,不仅扼守关中,更是直通陇西要道,曹魏大军前来,肯定将此地当做决战之地。如此大事,诸葛亮却不听麾下众将建议,坚持己见,最终的失败当然也是自食其果。

其次面对曹魏麾下大将张郃所率的数万大军,或许蜀汉大将王平可有一试之力。
或许提起来王平,大家会对他有些印象。因为诸葛亮在派马谡前去镇守街亭时,正是任命的王平担任的副将一职。据演义记载,当马谡和王平一道,率领人马来到街亭后,马谡坚持要将军队驻扎在山坡之上,在山上扎营,以便设下埋伏,伏击张郃。但是王平却并没有如马谡一样纸上谈兵,他提醒马谡,要遵守诸葛亮的嘱咐,坚守城池,稳扎营垒。并且提出了在山上扎营的劣势。

但是马谡却并没有听从王平的劝告。王平见一再劝告无用,带着自己的一千人马,在山下驻扎,稳守营盘。而当他得知马谡失守街亭时,更是及时出计,使得张郃怀疑设有埋伏,王平更是借张郃此犹豫之际,整理队伍,有条不紊的向后撤退,一路上更是收容了不少马谡手下被打的溃败的散兵。
王平既然在失守街亭时依旧能做出如此周密的计划,如果他一开始能够被诸葛亮任命为主要的守将,听从诸葛亮的嘱咐,再加之自己丰富的实战经验,短时间内对敌张郃,镇守街亭还是能够做到的。

再次王平或许可守街亭一段时期,但并不能长久的守住街亭。
至于为何王平不能长久的守住街亭,其中的一个原因便是街亭存在真正意义。个人认为,诸葛亮之所以要派兵镇守街亭,并不是真正的不想街亭失守,而是想借此机会,声东击西。借着魏军攻打街亭的时机,为蜀军主力攻取陇右拖延时间创造条件。因为与一个街亭相比,肯定是陇右五郡对于蜀汉实力的发展更具有推动力。

而另一个原因,则是二者的巨大差距了。别说换了王平来镇守街亭,其实就算是换了关羽,魏延等人,街亭守不住也还是必然结果,因为蜀军实力本身就敌不过魏军。况且就算是诸葛亮出的计谋,据水守城,短时间内足以抵挡张郃大军进攻,但这也毕竟不是长久之计。因为曹魏的数万大军不是吃素的,而曹操麾下的猛将张郃也更不是什么草莽之辈。在这样敌攻我守,敌势重我势寡的情况下,王平或许能够抵挡一段时间,但街亭失守,也是迟早的事。
由此可知,王平或许面对此情此景有一试之力,但街亭失守个人则认为并不是换个守将就能改变的。
我认为姜维应该是可以守住街亭的,因为姜维的实力很强。他非常擅长打防守战。
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