奥陶系有哪些主要生物相

2025-03-12 23:00:44
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

、 物演化
早古代物界海脊椎物(marine invertebrates)主,物始泌硬壳始于震旦纪末期,寒武纪起硬壳(骨骼)物突发辐射式量现澄江物群代表命爆发物演化历史重事件.
脊椎物(vertebrates)颌类奥陶纪始现,志留纪晚期始适应淡水.晚志留世始现颌类.植物(plant)早古代重演化事件晚志留世始现适应于半陆裸蕨植物.
1. 海脊椎物繁盛
海脊椎物早古代繁盛,形重要标准化石,优奥陶纪繁盛齐全,所早古代称海脊椎物代.
寒武纪重要代表性化石三叶虫,所寒武纪亦称三叶虫代.奥陶纪重要化石笔石足类鹦鹉螺,志留纪单笔石.另外早寒武世早期壳化石,早寒武世古杯、腕足物、横板珊瑚单带形四射珊瑚均具重要层意义.
2. 寒武纪物爆发
加拿列颠哥伦比亚寒武统发现布尔吉斯页岩化石群(Fossils of Burgess Shale) (1909),化石保存于深水泥岩,保存良,包括120余种,属节肢物、软体物、腕足物、腔肠物蠕虫类12门类化石.
3. 早脊椎物现
早颌类碎片晚寒武世已报道.脊椎物颌类奥陶纪始现.颌类志留纪量繁盛,并于志留纪晚期始适应淡水.晚志留世始现颌类.
4. 植物界
早古代海藻类主.晚志留世陆裸蕨植物始滨海低沼泽区逐渐繁盛,与泥盆纪早期陆植物群面貌相似.
5. 物相
物相指物态习性及其保存式及所反映自环境条件.用物相析判断古理条件广义岩相析重要组部.早古代见物相:浮游相、壳相混合相.
6. 物区
二、 古理沉积特征
() 华南古界及其史特征The Early Palaeozoic History of South China
扬区寒武纪扬区海侵广泛.层岩石特征空间布两性十明显.统泥砂质碳酸盐沉积,层完整,化石丰富,、统镁质碳酸盐沉积,化石稀少.
剖面:宜昌剖面、滇东剖面(太,略)
横向变化及古理 (Lateral Change and Palaeogeography)
扬台北部早志留世早期现滞流闭塞海盆,形黑色笔石页岩相沉积,与志留世期起,逐渐转变滨浅海环境;志留世起扬海盆逐渐填满,自鄂西至黔北、川南带现向西南向海退.晚志留世海侵仅波及滇东区,至志留纪末期现海水淡化现象,反映海湾填满程.,整华南部区至志留纪末期除钦防残留海槽外,已全部转化剥蚀山(东南加东褶皱带)低缓准平原(扬台).
(二) 华北台古界及其史特征The Early Palaeozoic History of North China Platform
剖面:张夏剖面(略)
横向变化及古理 (Lateral Change and Palaeogeography)
华北区寒武纪北高南低陆表海.梅树村期筇竹寺期全区均沉积,沧浪铺早期始南侧秦岭海槽逐步向北海侵.早遭受海侵淮南、豫西带,并经西安西北陇县直达银川西北贺兰山区.
寒武世毛庄期、徐庄期海侵继续延伸吕梁山.西部贺兰山带海水亦向东扩鄂尔斯部.华北古陆进步缩.张夏期海侵期,古陆仅剩陕北内蒙古呼浩特西南东胜区,其余均稳定浅海碳酸盐沉积.
晚寒武世华北区南部淮南、豫西晋南带始升,形区白云岩主滨海潮带沉积(三山组).崮山期起白云岩层位由南向北升高.北部燕辽区相降,海水变浅,滨浅海灰岩沉积.种状态直延续奥陶纪.
华北台范围内,稳定类型奥陶系普遍布,由于奥陶世期壳升,奥陶系遭受同程度侵蚀,各残留层位.经期研究唐山平剖面主要代表统,山东太行山南段保留奥陶统部.奥陶统仅见于西部边缘.
三、 构造运
1. 全球构造背景海陆格局
早古代期间,全球存冈瓦纳、劳伦、俄罗斯、西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦、华北华南等古陆板块.冈瓦纳陆主体位于南半球,由现南美洲、非洲、印度、澳利亚、南极洲、阿拉伯半岛组.其陆位于北半球,都古海洋相隔散存.劳伦与俄罗斯陆间古西洋,俄罗斯与哈萨克斯坦-西伯利亚陆间古乌拉尔洋,西伯利亚与陆间古亚洲洋.冈瓦纳陆与劳伦、俄罗斯、西伯利亚诸陆间原特提斯洋.
2. 整古代历史联合陆形历史.
早古代阶段,除冈瓦纳陆外,些彼离古陆构造古理演化面存着两种类型:
(1)单古陆边缘增造稳定区扩,寒武纪早期萨伊尔萨彦岭加东造山带形使西伯利亚陆西南缘增使稳定区扩,东南区加东造山带形使扬陆华夏古陆拼合形华南陆(板块)等;
(2)两古陆板块间洋经演化终闭合造洋两侧陆相互碰撞,早古代末期由于古西洋闭合造劳伦陆与俄罗斯陆碰撞、接,形劳俄陆.
3. 及邻区古板块构造格局
华北板块、秦岭微板块与扬板块间古秦岭洋.扬与华夏板块间古华南洋.华北、塔木板块南,扬板块西南洋原特提斯洋主要支.华北板块北新疆北部与内蒙古部及东北区古亚洲洋.
华北板块西南缘与柴达木微板块间古祁连洋,元古宙期,祁连山南北坡都张裂陷海槽.早古代海槽发育深海含放射虫硅质岩、基性火山岩及砂泥质复理石.志留纪期,由于柴达木板块与华北板块碰撞、挤压,北祁连海槽相继闭合形造山带,使柴达木板块华北板块拼合陆.
扬板块与华夏板块间古南华洋位于绍兴江山萍乡南宁线南区,元古宙俯冲、消减残留残余盆,至早古代早期所离形华南裂谷,寒武纪奥陶纪盆内部深水硅质岩、碳泥质岩、砂泥质浊积岩主,奥陶纪期该盆逐渐闭合.并该线西形志留纪复理石沉积,志留纪期复理石盆终闭合形南华造山带,仅广西钦州防城带形残余海槽.华夏板块与扬板块接碰撞形更规模华南板块.

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