求大学化学相关问题?

是大学化学的相关问题哦?我要十个。
2024-11-23 04:40:39
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

1.设汽车内燃机中的温度因汽油燃烧达1573 K。试利用热力学数据计算 该温度时,反应(1/2) N2(g) + (1/2) O2(g) = NO(g)的DrG 和 K 的数值。讨论:反应进行的可能性。 2. 在密闭容器中进行的反应:SO2(g)+1/2O2(g)=SO3(g), =-98.3kJ.mol-1,欲增大SO3(g)的平衡浓度,可采取哪些措施?并讨论平衡移动原理及其应用。 3.已知反应:C (s) + H2O (g) CO (g) + H2 (g)的△rHm> 0。试分析 H2O (g) 的浓度、压力及温度对该反应的反应速率、反应速率系数、标准平衡常数及平衡移动的影响。讨论:影响化学反应速率的因素及其应用。 4.反应H2O2 (aq)—→H2O (l)+ O2 (g)在300K时的活化能为75.3 kJ•mol-1。若分别用I-和酶催化,活化能分别降为56.5 kJ•mol-1 和25.1 kJ•mol-1。计算在相同温度下,催化反应的速率分别是无催化反应速率的多少倍?讨论:活化能对反应速率的影响。 5.人的血液中含有H2CO3,HCO3-组成的缓冲溶液,其中c(H2CO3)=1.25×10-3mol.L-1,c(HCO3-)=2.5×10-2mol.L-1,计算其pH (加入碳酸在人的体温时解离常数与25℃时相同),并简述缓冲溶液在调节血液pH值中的作用。 6. 工业废水的排放标准使Cd2+降到0.1mg.L-1以下可排放,若用中和法生成氢氧化物沉淀去除,按理论计算,pH值至少应为多少可达标? 讨论:控制pH值使沉淀生成或溶解及其应用。 7.在实际科研工作中,如需测定某种物质的相对分子质量,我们可以用溶液通性中的沸点升高原理或者凝固点降低原理进行实验分析,试问应用哪种理论分析更好?为什么? 8. 钢管容易锈蚀,而镀上更活泼的金属Zn称为镀锌管后反而不易锈蚀,如何解释?讨论电化学腐蚀与防护的原理及其应用,最好再举一例,加以分析 9.进行下列实验,实验条件是:除H+外,其物种皆处于标准状态下。 在pH为5 ~ 6的溶液中,MnO4- 能 将 I- 氧化成I2 , 但 Br-、Cl-不能被 氧 化; 在pH为3的溶液MnO4- 可将Br-氧化为Br2,而不能氧化Cl-;仅在pH < 3 的溶液中,MnO4-才能将Cl-氧化为Cl2。 (1)写出在一定的pH范围内,E ( MnO4- / Mn2+ ) 随pH值变化的关系式。 (2)推断:随着pH变小,MnO4-的氧化性如何变化。 (3)确定:当pH = 3时,实验中各相关电对的φ (或φθ)由大到小的顺序如 何。 (4)推断:Cl-、Br-、I- 的还原性由强到弱的顺序。 讨论:影响原电池电动势的因素及其应用。 10. 已知A、B、C、D四 种元素近似的相对原子质量分别为 27、39、64、80。它们的原子核内中子数分别为14、20、35、45。 (1)指出四种元素原子的电子构型和元素符号; (2)指出它们在周期系中所处的周期、族、区; (3)其中哪些元素的氧化物具有两性。 讨论:如何理解原子中的电子结构和化学性质的关系。

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