推荐回答(1个)
在各种小说演义当中,一个职位也总是不会少见,正所谓“一人得道鸡犬升天”,每当皇帝,要重赏一位大臣时候,竟然连他的妻子,也会受到恩泽,被封为“一品浩命夫人”。这不由得也让大伙感到好奇,古代历史上的一品诰命夫人,究竟是个什么意思?这个封号有权力吗?不妨让我们来看一看。

首先要了解一下“诰”是什么意思,在西周时期,周天子所颁布的命令条例就被称之为诰,因此又有《大诰》、《商诰》等文件存世,是帝王专门颁布的官方文件。
在宋朝以前,除非皇家女子,其他的妇女,即便能够获得官衔,却也很难获得爵位,比如西汉女史官班昭,代替哥哥完成《汉书》,朝廷对此的奖励,也是破格加封班昭儿子曹成为关内侯,班昭本人却无任何的封号。

而到了宋代以后,或许是觉得此举多有不妥,而且对于那些能够沿袭爵位,却只有女性继承人的官员家庭十分不公平,因此宋朝特意下令,凡文武官员的迁改职秩、追赠大臣、贬罚有罪、封赠其祖父妻室,都用诰命,而女子,也开始有了爵位。
宋徽宗时期,朝廷正式将女子爵位分为九等,这些获得皇帝封号的女子,又被称之为“命妇”。之中最高级的,便是一等国夫人,能够获得此等殊荣的,包括宰相、三师、三公、王、侍中等官职的妻子。

至于二等郡夫人,包括光禄大夫、太子少保等人的母亲或者妻子,夫人的爵位,也随着官爵的品衔,不断地下滑,到了明朝,只有一品二品官员的正妻才能叫做“夫人”,嫡母叫做“太夫人”,至于无封无品的,只能称之为娘子。
宋明清以来,这种制度始终存在,那么她们是否有特权呢?答案也是肯定的。首先诰命夫人本身,就是一种地位荣耀的象征,是朝廷器重你的表现,在《水浒传》中,宋江梦寐以求都想要获得一个“封妻荫子”,这里的“封妻”,实际上正是指命妇的诰封。
其次,在爵位定下以后,诰命夫人还能够获得朝廷每月固定的补贴,按时领取俸禄。
至于最高等的一品诰命夫人,更是能够在重大的节庆日子来到后宫,参加由皇后主持的女性交流宴会。

是不是很让人羡慕?这也为女子上流社会的交往,提供了有利的条件,要知道,三国时期,蜀汉一名叫做刘琰的官员,有一名美貌的妻子胡氏,仅仅是因为和太后要好,祝贺新春的时候,被太后多留在宫里住了一会儿,结果外界却传来风言风语,说她和后主刘禅有染,气的刘琰在妻子回家后,直接用鞋抽胡氏的脸,结果被妻子告到了朝廷,最终刘琰被处斩,刘禅大感脸面无光,大臣妻子入朝庆贺的习惯也被取消,但是诰命夫人却能解决这种误会。

而在《红楼梦》第五十八回还提到,贾府的贾母、王夫人、尤氏,都是诰命,结果“一位老太妃死了”,圣上却颁布谕旨:凡是天下有爵之家,一年内不得筵宴音乐,庶民皆三月不得婚假,而贾母等命妇每日都要入朝随祭,一直到“未正以后方回”。这说明诰命夫人,在礼节之上,也有着一定的职责。
不过相比之下,其余的权力,并没有多少,而是作为一种官职的附属品,这也能看出古代女子在社会上的地位了。
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