谁有陶渊明《读〈山海经〉》的解释和赏析

2025-03-29 20:23:10
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

读 《 山 海 经 》 作者:陶渊明 精卫鸟衔着小木石,将要用它去填塞东海. 精卫衔微木,将以填沧海. 刑天挥舞着盾牌和大斧,头被砍掉,猛志却依然常在. 刑天舞干戚,猛志固常在. 活着已经毫不畏惧,死去也决不反悔. 同物既无虑,化去不复悔. 只留着昔日的壮志,复生哪又可期待. 徒没在昔心,良辰讵可待! 赏析 本诗原为《读〈山海经〉》诗的第十首,诗中歌颂了精卫和刑天的坚强斗争精神,寄托着诗人慷慨不平的心情和意愿.诗中所写的“精卫”和“刑天”是《山海经》中的两个动人的故事. 陶渊明对工业东晋的灭亡十分惋惜,对恭帝被弑痛心疾首.他不仅引用历史故事,抨击刘裕代晋,而且利用古代神话传说,表示了自己的不平和反抗情绪. 诗的前半部分,歌颂了精卫和刑天.“精卫衔微木,将以填沧海刑天舞干戚,猛志固常在.”精卫是炎帝少女死后化为的精灵,虽然身小力薄,却常西山之木以填于东海.“微木”与“沧海”是一组多么强烈悬殊的对比,以微木填海何时方可填平?一如愚公一担一石之移山.但诗人歌颂的是这种锲而不舍的精神与矢志靡它的决心,只要有这种精神与决心终有成功胜利的一天!“刑天舞干戚”讲的是刑天操斧执盾不甘失败的故事.刑天被天帝断首,仍然挥舞牌,刚毅的精神长留不衰.“猛志固常在”中的这个“固”字点明刑天的“猛志”本为其生来所固有而永不衰竭,无论失败还是死亡终不能使其消减.诗人在“精卫”与刑天身上看到他们这种共有的百折不挠的坚强意志,从而加以赞颂讴歌,就隐含着诗人自身也时时以这种精神自策自励. 这首诗的后半部分诗人进一步赞扬这两个英雄顽强的斗志.尽管良机已失,徒怀雄心,但他们也不存忧虑,毫无悔意.通过精卫和刑天的行动,寄托了自己的悲愤. “同物既无虑,化去不复悔.徒设在昔心,良辰讵可待!”前二句写“精卫”与“刑天”如此刚毅的缘由.“同物”、“化去”即物化之意.“物化”一般指死生变化而言.生与死不过是不同形式的“物化”,死只不过是生的另一种形式而已.女娲变成精卫,刑天变成乳目脐口的怪神,都是由此物化为彼物,其精神不死,故而无论衔微木填海,或舞干戚向敌,都能无虑而不悔.诗人在此以“物化”的哲学观点激励自己无虑不悔的斗争意志.最后二句是诗人思想情感又一次跌宕:表面上是感叹精卫与刑天徒然存在着昔日猛志,但如愿以偿的时机岂能等到?实际上是诗人慨叹理想的无法实现.前人认为此二句是诗人的自白之语. 由于家庭出身的影响,陶渊明和已死去的晋朝,感情上有割不断的万缕千丝.刘裕上台后诛杀异己,的行为更使他不满于刘宋政权.因此,不能正确认识刘裕及他建立的新政在历史上起的积极作用.这正是诗人的局限.但他反对刘裕代晋和憎恶时代黑暗、政治残酷是紧紧相联系的,从这个意义上说,批判刘宋政权,也是批判腐朽的东晋社会的继续. 这首诗写法曲折,意义较为隐晦,风格和情调与以上所选各篇大不相同,但在豪放之中仍然保持了诗人托物寄兴、精练含蓄,说理议论自然妥帖的特点.

回答(2):

读山海经·其十
[ 魏晋·陶渊明 ]
精卫衔微木,将以填沧海。
刑天舞干戚,猛志固常在。
同物既无虑,化去不复悔。
徒设在昔心,良辰讵可待。
解释:
精卫衔着微小的木块,要用它填平沧海。刑天挥舞着盾斧,刚毅的斗志始终存在。同样是生灵不存余哀,化成了异物并无悔改。如果徒然胸怀昔日的雄心,美好的时光又怎么会到来呢。
赏析:
诗的前半部分,歌颂了精卫和刑天。“精卫衔微木,将以填沧海。刑天舞干戚,猛志固常在。这首诗的后半部分诗人进一步赞扬这两个英雄顽强的斗志。尽管良机已失,徒怀雄心,但他们也不存忧虑,毫无悔意。通过精卫和刑天的行动,寄托了自己的悲愤。

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