1、which引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语,宾语或是表语。
where引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作地点状语,where=介词+which.
如:
I grew up in the small village where I was born.(where引导定语从句,先行词是village,且在从句中作地点状语)
I grew up in the small village which I was born in.(which引导定语从句,先行词是village,且在从句中作in的宾语)
I grew up where I was born.(where引导地点状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语)
2、不及物动词带上了介词就不可用where来引导定语从句。
如:
This is the house where Luxun once lived.
=This is the house (which/that) Luxun once lived in.
=This is the house in which Luxun once lived.
上面例句不难看出:
a、关系副词where在定语从句中相当于in the house,而in the house在从句中是介词短语作状语的。所以关系副词where相当于从句中的状语。
b、关系代词which在从句中是介词in的宾语,live是不及物动词,不能跟宾语,要跟宾语只能和介词in搭配,然后再跟介词宾语。
c、再看先行词the house,我们可以把它看成“物”,所以用关系代词which,这时它在从句中必须是主语或宾语(包括介词宾语)。
d、我们也可以把house看成“地点”,所以用关系副词where,但这时where必须在从句中充当一个地点,就是例句中的in the house。
3、所以说,where是关系副词,在句中充当地点状语,但which是关系代词,充当从句的主语或宾语。