玫瑰花的英语介绍

Enter the required language Translation Rose, Rosaceae, Rosa (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) Rose my country of origin and cultivation history for a long time. Is a good flowering shrubs and aromatic plants are important.
[Morphology] numerous upright deciduous shrub, stems sticks taupe, Micronesia Health bristles with Spinibarbus, feathery leaf, lobules 5-9, oval to elliptical-shaped inverted oval, blunt serrated, quality thick, have wrinkles, above bright green , gray green below, the pubes or刺毛, petiole and leaf axils of small skin thinning Health barbed and glandular hairs. Most of the stipule and petiole Keidanren, a small zigzag. Flower flowers solitary or 3-6 sets of Health, 6-8 cm flower diameter, flower fragrance, Micronesia were hairs and刺毛, purple or white petals, Single or double. Rosa flat spherical fruit, red, Zun-chip deposit places. Flowering May to September, fruit 9 1 10 month period.
Common variants are: The Purple Rose of f. Purple Rose Flower typica. Red Rose f. rosea flower red roses. White Rose f. alba white flower. Double Purple Rose Flower Rose f.plena purple, double, aroma and fragrance, fine quality, many are not firm, and is widely cultivated throughout. Double white rose and white flower f.albo-plena, plena.
[Distribution] of origin of Liaoning, Shandong and other places, is cultivated throughout the distribution to Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, for many, Pingyin, Shandong, Beijing, Miao-bee mountain gully, Henan and Zhejiang商水县weeks Wuxing Town and other places Rose is famous origin. DPRK, Japan and Europe and the United States have cultivated.
[Habits] Rose Department of temperate tree species, hardy, drought-resistant, not strict on soil, at the growth of micro-alkaline land in humus-rich,Good drainage of the neutral or slightly acidic loam and light on growth and flowering the best and most hi-ray, at the growth of non-performing under the tutelage, flowering scarce intolerant of stagnant water, while lower leaves yellow受涝ups and downs, Meng strong tillering, rapid growth .
Ecology and types of roses roses originating in the East, but now perhaps has been all over the world, mainly in the temperate zone. Original species, including wild rose a total of 250 kinds of different types, which are hybrid and have thousands of variants. Nowadays there is more than 30 kinds of known as the "smell the rose," but one of only three other roses are the "parents", because of floral elegance, but to a large area planted. The first one is the Red Rose
(R.gallica), are most vulnerable to propagation, originating in the Caucasus, often referred to as the "French Rose", "the general result of the Rose" (Provins rose) or "Anatolia" (Rose of Anatolia). The second old roses are roses Chiba
(R.centifolia), originating in Persia, often referred to as "普罗斯旺Rose" (Provence rose) or伊斯帕罕Rose (Rose of Ispahan), the offspring are red roses for the Soviet Union moss roses and heart volume Rose's parents. The third old roses are the rose of Damascus (R.damascena), originating in Syria, smelling aroma, essential oils are most commonly for the distillation of roses, but also the most medical value.From ancient times to the origin of roses, because roses smell lovely, flower-shaped beautiful and colorful and highly valued, it has long been the introduction of Europe, the Middle Ages, Europeans choose the medical value of plants in the convent garden. By the eighteenth century, the old rose varieties are most valuable1816, the first four seasons of flowering hybrid roses - "King of the Rose" (the Rose du roi) appears, followed by a variety of new species of roses. Since before the French Revolution, the French people on the start date distillation Rose, which was mainly for extraction are the world famous Rose Hydrosol, are a by-product of oil instead. In 1987 when the roses all over the world oil production is 15-20 tons.Bulgaria was the biggest producing countries, while the United States as the main importing countries, other oil producing countries have Turkey, France, Morocco, India and China. Bulgaria Damascus plant roses, and rose essential oil distillation extraction, Berg produced by the Bulgarian Rose Oil also rose, with the majority of oil are part of petal, stamen but also contains some oil quality,Can add petal extract together. While French is used volatile solvent extraction of raw materials rose Chiba. 1888, Damascus Rose, near Leipzig at米尔提兹(Miltitz) planted since 1894, the region in Turkey beginning安娜托利亚plant, today This extraction method has since become very common. Balkans high on 300-800 meters of area, has a number of plant Damascus roses, many experts claim that the "height Feiyang" Rose essential oil, the ground is better than roses. Russia beginning in 1931 species of roses, particularly in the Crimea and Transcaucasia region, called "Donovan card" (Novinka) variant,there is much for Turkey to visit various parts of the distillery. Bulgaria to use essential oils from the solvent extraction in 1904,Even at ultra-low temperature survival under harsh environment. In a short span of 4-6 weeks of the season, Morocco distillation region 4000-5000 t of Damascus Rose. With modern distillation methods, they can extract 150 tons every day, one for the most part on one of distillation essential oil extraction rose, while the remaining solvent extraction.Substantial use of the Roman people rose from the roof of a banquet sow; with roses favorite worship God; and David Rose to prevent drunk.塔昆(Tarpuin the Superb) planted in the garden is famous for a variety of roses, his gardener beloved by the whole city. Virgil had described Eros Rose Flavor request smear Hecht's body. Greeks also love the use of roses, Homer at (Elliott) and (Odyssey) in a tribute to Rose, the ancient Egyptians used for religious ceremonies will be Rose, the mummy tomb of the side is still visible Rose.Rose is now up to more than 100 kinds of types, there is white roses, red roses, blue roses, pink roses, pale pink roses, yellow roses, bicolor roses and so on, in fact, most of the roses are the use of several common roses to improved R & D into new varieties of roses.
Rose's original narrow range, but after crossbreeding alone officially sign minimum more than 15,000 kinds. According to the size of roses can be divided into large round species, in rotation, small rotation,蔓性of four main categories.
Big round of the world so far, most varieties of roses, flowers, and one flower stem 1, on behalf of varieties have He-ping Dior. In rotation with more corymbosa inflorescence, flower size of about 6 ~ 10cm, on behalf of varieties have red puppet, if it li. Small rotationFlower small, only about 1.5 ~ 2.5cm, corymbosa inflorescence, small plants, small potted plants or flower beds can do landscaping, on behalf of varieties have small Sunset, Shi Lina.蔓性species of its origin by Rosa蔓性breeding or non-mating mutant蔓性roses from up to 4 ~ 6cm high, non-cling capability, to be fixed manually branches.

玫瑰 ，蔷薇科，蔷薇属（Rosa rugosa Thunb．）
玫瑰原产我国，栽培历史已久。既是优良的花灌木，又是重要的香料植物。
[形态特征] 落叶直立丛生灌木，茎枝灰褐色，密生刚毛与倒刺，羽状复叶，小叶5-9，椭圆形至椭圆状倒卵形，钝锯齿，质厚，有皱纹，上面亮绿色，下面灰绿色，被柔毛或刺毛，叶柄及叶轴疏生小皮刺及腺毛。托叶大部与叶柄连合，具细锯齿。花单生或3-6朵集生，花径6-8厘米，花芳香，密被茸毛及刺毛，花瓣紫红或白色，单瓣或重瓣。蔷薇果扁球形，红色，尊片宿存。花期5-9月，果期9一10月。
常见变种有：
紫玫瑰f．typica花玫瑰紫色。
红玫瑰f．rosea花玫瑰红色。
白玫瑰f．alba花白色。
重瓣紫玫瑰f.plena花玫瑰紫色，重瓣，香气馥郁，品质优良，多不结实，各地广为栽培。
重瓣白玫瑰f.albo-plena花白色，重瓣。
[分布]原产辽宁、山东等地，现栽培分布各地，以山东、江苏、浙江、广东为多，山东平阴，北京妙蜂山涧沟、河南商水县周口镇及浙江吴兴等地都是玫瑰的有名产地。朝鲜、日本及欧美均有栽培。
[习性] 玫瑰系温带树种，耐寒，耐旱，对土壤要求不严，在微碱性土地能生长，在富含腐殖质、排水良好的中性或微酸性轻壤土上生长和开花最好，最喜光，在庇荫下生长不良，开花稀少，不耐积水，受涝则下部叶片黄落，萌蘖性很强，生长迅速。

玫瑰的生态与种类
玫瑰原产于东方，但如今大概已遍布全世界，主要出现于温带。原始的品种包括野生玫瑰共有250种不同种类，而混种与变种则有成千上万种。现今有三十多种称为「香味玫瑰」，但其中只有三种是其它玫瑰的「亲代」，由于花香优雅，而以大片面积栽种。第一种是红玫瑰（R.gallica），最易繁殖，原产于高加索，常称为「法国玫瑰」、「普罗因玫瑰」（Provins rose）或「安娜托利亚玫瑰」（Rose of Anatolia）。第二种老玫瑰是千叶玫瑰（R.centifolia），原产于波斯，常称为「普罗斯旺玫瑰」（Provence rose）或伊斯帕罕玫瑰（Rose of Ispahan），是红玫瑰的子代，为苔苏玫瑰与卷心玫瑰的亲代。第三种老玫瑰是大马士革玫瑰（R.damascena），原产于叙利亚，香味扑鼻，是最常供蒸馏精油的玫瑰，也最具医疗价值。

玫瑰的起源
从古至今，玫瑰因为香味迷人、花形优美且色彩艳丽而倍受珍视，它很早就被引进欧洲，中古时期，欧洲人取其医疗价值而栽种在修道院的花园中。到了十八世纪时，老的玫瑰品种最为珍贵，一八一六，第一种四季开花的混种玫瑰—「国王玫瑰」（the Rose du roi）出现后，继而出现各式各样的新种玫瑰。自法国革命前起，法国人就开始蒸馏玫瑰至今，当时主要是为了萃取举世知名的玫瑰纯露，精油反而是副产品。一九八七年时，全世界玫瑰精油的产量是15到20吨。保加利亚是当时最大的产国，而美国为主要进口国，其它生产精油的国家有土耳其、法国、摩洛哥、印度与中国。保加利亚种植大马士革玫瑰，并用蒸馏法萃取玫瑰精油，柏格所生产的玫瑰精油也是保加利亚玫瑰，含大部份油质的部份是花瓣，但雄蕊也含有一些油质，可加入花瓣中一起萃取。而法国则是用挥发性溶剂萃取千叶玫瑰的原料。一八八八，大马士革玫瑰在莱比锡附近的米尔提兹（Miltitz）栽种，自一八九四年起，在土耳其的安娜托利亚地区开始种植，今日土耳其各地有许多可供参观的蒸馏厂。保加利亚用溶剂萃取精油起于一九0四年，这种萃取法此后变得非常普遍。巴尔干半岛上高度300至800公尺的地区，有多处种植大马士革玫瑰，许多专家宣称这种在「高处飞扬」的玫瑰精油，胜过平地的玫瑰。一九三一年俄国开始种玫瑰，尤其在克里米亚与外高加索地区更，一种称为「诺文卡」（Novinka）的变种，甚至可以在超低温的恶劣环境下存活。在短短四到六周的花季，摩洛哥地区蒸馏4000至5000吨的大马士革玫瑰。以现代的蒸馏方法，他们可以每天萃取150吨，其中一部份以蒸馏法萃取玫瑰精油，其余则以溶剂萃取。
罗马人大量使用玫瑰，宴客时从楼顶撒下；用玫瑰供奉最喜爱的神；并戴玫瑰以防酒醉。塔昆（Tarpuin the Superb）的花园以遍植各种玫瑰而闻名，他的园丁受到全城的敬爱。弗吉尔曾叙述，爱神要求用玫瑰香精涂抹赫克特的尸体。希腊人也爱使用玫瑰，荷马在（埃利奥特）与（奥德赛）中赞颂玫瑰，古埃及人将玫瑰用于宗教仪式，坟墓中木乃伊之侧仍可见玫瑰。

现在玫瑰花的种类多达一百多种，有白玫瑰花、红玫瑰花、蓝玫瑰花、粉红玫瑰花、淡粉红玫瑰花、黄玫瑰花、双色玫瑰花等等，其实大部份的玫瑰花都是利用几种常见的玫瑰花去改良、研发而成的新品种玫瑰花。

玫瑰的原生种类不多，但是经过杂交育种，光是正式登录的起码超过一万五千种。按玫瑰花的大小可分为大轮种、中轮种、小轮种、蔓性种四大类。

大轮种

为目前世界品种最多的玫瑰花，花朵大，一茎一花，代表品种有合平迪奥。

中轮种

用较多，繖房花序，花约6～10cm 大小，代表品种有红木偶、若丽那。

小轮种

花小约只有1．5～2．5cm，繖房花序，植株矮小，可做小盆栽或花坛美化，代表品种有小落日、史大丽娜。

蔓性种

其源自蔓性蔷薇经交配育种或是非蔓性玫瑰突变而来，可达4～6cm高，无攀附能力，需以人工固定枝条。

A rose is a perennial flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colors. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. It is a common error to refer to roses having thorns. But thorns are modified leaves, whereas these sharp protrusions on a rose are modified epidermal tissues (prickles). Most are native to Asia, with smaller numbers of species native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Natives, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance.

The leaves are alternate and pinnately compound, with sharply toothed oval-shaped leaflets. The plant's fleshy edible fruit is called a rose hip. Rose plants range in size from puny, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach 20 meters in height. Species from different parts of the world easily hybridize, which has given rise to the many types of garden roses.

The name originates from Latin rosa, borrowed from Oscan from colonial Greek in southern Italy: rhodon (Aeolic form: wrodon), from Aramaic wurrdā, from Assyrian wurtinnu, from Old Iranian *warda (cf. Armenian vard, Avestan warda, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr).

Attar of rose is the steam-extracted essential oil from rose flowers that has been used in perfumes for centuries. Rose water, made from the rose oil, is widely used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine. The French are known for their rose syrup, most commonly made from an extract of rose petals. In the United States, this French rose syrup is used to make rose scones.

Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, and marmalade, or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high Vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce Rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products and some makeup products.

ROSE