一剪梅·舟过吴江的作品赏析

2025-02-28 18:39:57
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

这是一首写在离乱颠簸的流亡途中的心歌。明艳的春光与凄楚的神魂在强烈地对照着,春深似海,愁深胜似海,在时光的流逝中,“春愁”却无法排遣。于是从看似浏亮的声韵中读者听到了夹杂着风声雨声的心底的呜咽声。这首词主要写作者乘船漂泊在途中客居异乡凄冷愁闷,用于表达倦懒思归之心情,以及韶华易逝的感慨。
起笔点题,指出时序,点出“春愁”的主旨。“一片春愁待酒浇”,“一片”言愁闷连绵不断。“待酒浇”,是急欲要排解愁绪,表现了他愁绪之浓。
随之以白描手法描绘了“舟过吴江”的情景:“江上舟摇,楼上帘招。秋娘渡与泰娘桥,风又飘飘,雨又萧萧”,这“江”即吴江。“楼上帘招”这江村小酒店的或许写有“太白一醉”字样的青布帘招知词人,可来醉乡小憩。在这一“摇”一“招”之间,情绪是由愁而略见开颜了的。可是当江上小舟载着这薄醉之人继续行去,醉眼惺忪地在眼帘上映入“秋娘渡与泰娘桥”的景色时,风吹酒醒,雨滴心帘,只觉风入骨,雨寒心。转而“秋愁”复涨,而且愈涨愈高了。情绪的起伏就是如此激转湍漩。作者单用之。飘泊思归,偏逢上连阴天气。同时作者用“飘飘”“萧萧”描绘了风吹雨急。“又”字含意深刻,表明他对风雨阻归的恼意。这里用当地的特色景点和凄清、伤悲气氛对愁绪进行了渲染。
“风又飘飘,雨又萧萧”的句式是一种暗示法的句式,是某种特定心态借助意象的表现方法。它让人可以产生听觉上的风声雨声,视觉上的潇潇绵绵、飘飘扬扬,触觉上的寒意、潮意、湿润意,一直到心态上的感知:酸辛感、苦涩感。
“何日归家洗客袍?银字笙调,心字香烧”。首句点出“归家”的情思,“何日”道出飘泊的厌倦和归家的迫切。想象归家后的温暖生活,思归的心情更加急切。“何日归家”四字,一直管着后面的三件事:洗客袍、调笙和烧香。“客袍”,旅途穿的衣服。调笙,调弄有银字的笙,烧香,点熏炉里心字形的香。这里采用了反衬的手法,词人想像归家之后的情景:结束旅途的劳顿,换去客袍;享受家庭生活的温馨,娇妻调弄起镶有银字的笙,点燃熏炉里心字形的香。作者词中极想归家之后佳人陪伴之乐,思归之情段段如此。“银字”和“心字”给他所向往的家庭生活,增添了美好、和谐的意味,与作者的凄苦形象对比,突出思归的心绪。
下片最后三句非常精妙。“流光容易把人抛”,指时光流逝之快。“红了樱桃,绿了芭蕉” ”一“红”一“绿”,将春光渐渐消逝于初夏的来临中这个过程充分表现了出来。这是时序的暗示。但细加辨味,芭蕉叶绿,樱桃果红,花落花开,回黄转绿,大自然一切可以年年如此,衰而盛,盛而衰,可是绿肥红瘦对人来说意味着青春不再,盛世难逢。再进一步推去,家国一旦破败,不能重见么。“流光容易把人抛”的全过程,怎样抛的,本极抽象,现今以“红了樱桃,绿了芭蕉”明示出来。所以如果说,暗示具体时序由春而夏,那是“实”的表现,那么将抽象的流光抛人揭示开来就是“虚”的具体化。至于色彩的自然绚丽,化抽象的时光为可感的意象,以樱桃和芭蕉这两种植物的颜色变化,具体地显示出时光的奔驰,也是渲染。蒋捷抓住夏初樱桃成熟时颜色变红,芭蕉叶子由浅绿变为深绿,把看不见的时光流逝转化为可以捉摸的形象。春愁是剪不断、理还乱。词中借“红”“绿”颜色之转变,抒发了年华易逝,人生易老的感叹。
这里有意把下片诸句倒过顺序来谈,又将“何日归家洗客袍”置于上下片的关联点上去理解,是想从具体的句式和情思上说明这首短词形似明快,实则苦涩,在艺术上具有似“流”实“留”的特点,情韵在回环周转地流荡,呈一种漩涡状。这种艺术手段最能将“剪不断,理还乱”的情意充分表达出。“流”,是流畅少停蓄,而“留”则有顿挫,有吞吐,有抑扬之势。蒋捷确有一些词写得稍嫌“流”,但这首《一剪梅》却不属此类作品,不可匆匆浏览,不细辨味 。
词人在词中逐句押韵,读起朗朗上口,节奏铿锵。大大地加强了词的表现力。这个节奏感极强的思归曲,读后让人有“余言绕梁,三日不绝”的意味。

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