推荐回答(5个)
3.1415926535897932384626
古人计算圆周率,一般是用割圆法。即用圆的内接或外切正多边形来逼近圆的周长。Archimedes用正96边形得到圆周率小数点后3位的精度;刘徽用正3072边形得到5位精度;Ludolph Van Ceulen用正262边形得到了35位精度。这种基于几何的算法计算量大,速度慢,吃力不讨好。随着数学的发展,数学家们在进行数学研究时有意无意地发现了许多计算圆周率的公式。下面挑选一些经典的常用公式加以介绍。除了这些经典公式外,还有很多其他公式和由这些经典公式衍生出来的公式,就不一一列举了。
Machin公式 这个公式由英国天文学教授John Machin于1706年发现。他利用这个公式计算到了100位的圆周率。Machin公式每计算一项可以得到1.4位的十进制精度。因为它的计算过程中被乘数和被除数都不大于长整数,所以可以很容易地在计算机上编程实现。
Machin.c 源程序 还有很多类似于Machin公式的反正切公式。在所有这些公式中,Machin公式似乎是最快的了。虽然如此,如果要计算更多的位数,比如几千万位,Machin公式就力不从心了。下面介绍的算法,在PC机上计算大约一天时间,就可以得到圆周率的过亿位的精度。这些算法用程序实现起来比较复杂。因为计算过程中涉及两个大数的乘除运算,要用FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)算法。FFT可以将两个大数的乘除运算时间由O(n2)缩短为O(nlog(n))。
Ramanujan公式 1914年,印度数学家Srinivasa Ramanujan在他的论文里发表了一系列共14条圆周率的计算公式,这是其中之一。这个公式每计算一项可以得到8位的十进制精度。1985年Gosper用这个公式计算到了圆周率的17,500,000位。 1989年,David & Gregory Chudnovsky兄弟将Ramanujan公式改良成为: 这个公式被称为Chudnovsky公式,每计算一项可以得到15位的十进制精度。1994年Chudnovsky兄弟利用这个公式计算到了4,044,000,000位。Chudnovsky公式的另一个更方便于计算机编程的形式是:AGM(Arithmetic-Geometric Mean)算法 Gauss-Legendre公式: 初值:重复计算: 最后计算: 这个公式每迭代一次将得到双倍的十进制精度,比如要计算100万位,迭代20次就够了。1999年9月Takahashi和Kanada用这个算法计算到了圆周率的206,158,430,000位,创出新的世界纪录。 Borwein四次迭代式: 初值:重复计算: 最后计算:这个公式由Jonathan Borwein和Peter Borwein于1985年发表,它四次收敛于圆周率。
Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe算法 这个公式简称BBP公式,由David Bailey, Peter Borwein和Simon Plouffe于1995年共同发表。它打破了传统的圆周率的算法,可以计算圆周率的任意第n位,而不用计算前面的n-1位。这为圆周率的分布式计算提供了可行性。1997年,Fabrice Bellard找到了一个比BBP快40%的公式: 3.1415926<3.1415927
3.1415926835897932384626433
只能记住这些了
以前可以记到一百位的
14159\'26535\'89793\'23846\'26433\'83279\'50288\'41971\'69399\'37510
58209\'74944\'59230\'78164\'06286\'20899\'86280\'34825\'34211\'70679
82148\'08651\'32823\'06647\'09384\'46095\'50582\'23172\'53594\'08128
48111\'74502\'84102\'70193\'85211\'05559\'64462\'29489\'54930\'38196 至此200位
44288\'10975\'66593\'34461\'28475\'64823\'37867\'83165\'27120\'19091
45648\'56692\'34603\'48610\'45432\'66482\'13393\'60726\'02491\'41273
72458\'70066\'06315\'58817\'48815\'20920\'96282\'92540\'91715\'36436 78925\'90360\'01133\'05305\'48820\'46652\'13841\'46951\'94151\'16094 至此400位
33057\'27036\'57595\'91953\'09218\'61173\'81932\'61179\'31051\'18548
07446\'23799\'62749\'56735\'18857\'52724\'89122\'79381\'83011\'94912
98336\'73362\'44065\'66430\'86021\'39494\'63952\'24737\'19070\'21798
60943\'70277\'05392\'17176\'29317\'67523\'84674\'81846\'76694\'05132 至此600位
00056\'81271\'45263\'56082\'77857\'71342\'75778\'96091\'73637\'17872
14684\'40901\'22495\'34301\'46549\'58537\'10507\'92279\'68925\'89235
42019\'95611\'21290\'21960\'86403\'44181\'59813\'62977\'47713\'09960 51870\'72113\'49999\'99837\'29780\'49951\'05973\'17328\'16096\'31859 至此800位
50244\'59455\'34690\'83026\'42522\'30825\'33446\'85035\'26193\'11881
71010\'00313\'78387\'52886\'58753\'32083\'81420\'61717\'76691\'47303
59825\'34904\'28755\'46873\'11595\'62863\'88235\'37875\'93751\'95778 18577\'80532\'17122\'68066\'13001\'92787\'66111\'95909\'21642\'01989至此1000位
38095\'25720\'10654\'85863\'27886\'59361\'53381\'82796\'82303\'01952
03530\'18529\'68995\'77362\'25994\'13891\'24972\'17752\'83479\'13151
55748\'57242\'45415\'06959\'50829\'53311\'68617\'27855\'88907\'50983 81754\'63746\'49393\'19255\'06040\'09277\'01671\'13900\'98488\'24012至此1200位
85836\'16035\'63707\'66010\'47101\'81942\'95559\'61989\'46767\'83744
94482\'55379\'77472\'68471\'04047\'53464\'62080\'46684\'25906\'94912
93313\'67702\'89891\'52104\'75216\'20569\'66024\'05803\'81501\'93511 25338\'24300\'35587\'64024\'74964\'73263\'91419\'92726\'04269\'92279至此1400位
67823\'54781\'63600\'93417\'21641\'21992\'45863\'15030\'28618\'29745
55706\'74983\'85054\'94588\'58692\'69956\'90927\'21079\'75093\'02955
32116\'53449\'87202\'75596\'02364\'80665\'49911\'98818\'34797\'75356 63698\'07426\'54252\'78625\'51818\'41757\'46728\'90977\'77279\'38000至此1600位
81647\'06001\'61452\'49192\'17321\'72147\'72350\'14144\'19735\'68548
16136\'11573\'52552\'13347\'57418\'49468\'43852\'33239\'07394\'14333
45477\'62416\'86251\'89835\'69485\'56209\'92192\'22184\'27255\'02542 56887\'67179\'04946\'01653\'46680\'49886\'27232\'79178\'60857\'84383至此1800位
82796\'79766\'81454\'10095\'38837\'86360\'95068\'00642\'25125\'20511
73929\'84896\'08412\'84886\'26945\'60424\'19652\'85022\'21066\'11863
06744\'27862\'20391\'94945\'04712\'37137\'86960\'95636\'43719\'17287 46776\'46575\'73962\'41389\'08658\'32645\'99581\'33904\'78027\'59009至此2000位
94657
以上共2005位小数
3.141592653589793238462643383279
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