玉米大斑病的防治方法主要有哪些?

2025-03-16 11:26:13
推荐回答(3个)
回答(1):

玉米叶斑病是世界各地玉米产区常见的一种叶部病害。我国夏玉米区病害比春玉米区严重,在流行年份可造成巨大损失。
(1)症状玉米从苗期到成株期都会造成很大损失,尤其是抽雄期和灌浆期。病斑主要集中在叶片上,一般从下部叶片开始,逐渐向上蔓延。起初斑点有水渍,后来变成黄褐色或红褐色,边缘较暗。病灶呈椭圆形,近圆形或长圆形,大小为10~15mm×3~4mm。有时,病灶内可见2~3个同心螺旋。(2)感染途径和发病规律。病原菌以菌丝或分生孢子的形式在病残体内越冬,次年5、6月温度相对适宜时产生大量分生孢子,并通过气流或雨水传播。春玉米收获后留在田间病残体上的分生孢子可继续扩散到夏玉米田。因此,在春玉米和夏玉米混交地区,夏玉米的发病总是比春玉米严重。7-8月,华北地区25℃以上的气温最适宜该病流行。雨天多,雨量大,湿度大,小斑病会严重发生。(3)选择抗病品种作为防治方法;加强栽培管理,促进健壮生长,提高植物抗病能力;清洁农村,集中焚烧病残,减少病源;发病初期,喷施50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍、65%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍、75%百菌清可湿性粉剂800倍或农抗120水溶液100-120倍,从心叶末至抽雄期连续每7天喷施1次。

回答(2):

防治方法:
防治玉米大斑病应以种植抗病品种为主。
加强栽培管理,辅以必要的药剂防治。栽培管理措施防治主要包括:玉米收后及时清除遗留田间的病株残体;麦垄点种,适期早播以避开病害;在病害发生初期,及时摘除玉米茎基部的1~3片病叶,可以减轻和推迟病害危害;玉米收获后要及时翻耕,秸秆要集中处理,用作堆沤肥料的要经过高温发酵;实行1年以上的轮作等。

回答(3):

以视频的方式详细讲解了玉米大斑的传播、发病条件及防治预防措施

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