what在从句中的用法

what引导名词性从句的五种用法
一、用法归纳
1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2. 表示“……的人或的样子”：
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
3. 表示“……的数量或数目”：
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”：
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
二、用法说明
(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：
你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.
误：You can have everything what you like.
(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：
I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：
误：I gave him what book I had.
(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：
I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。
I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。

1、引导名词性从句：

I don't understand what he is talking about.   (此句中what在名词性从句里做宾语）

It is difficult to decide what should be done first. (此句中what在名词性从句里做主语） 

2、引导感叹句：

I can't believe what a beautiful girl she is.

what在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，意思是“什么”或“所.........的”。

that在从句中不充当成分，无意义。

what

音标：

英 [wɒt]   美 [wɑ:t]  

翻译：

（用以询问某人或某事物的词）什么，多少;…的事物，…的（事物或人）

造句：

1、What do you want? 

你想要什么？

2、You can imagine what it would be like driving a car into a brick wall at 30 miles an hour

你可以想象汽车以每小时30英里的速度撞向一堵砖墙结果会怎样。

3、What precisely triggered off yesterday's riot is still unclear 

究竟是什么引发了昨天的骚乱还不清楚。

4、He drinks what is left in his glass as if it were water 

他把杯子里剩下的东西当水一样全喝了下去。

5、'Dad?' — 'What?' — 'Can I have the car tonight?' 

“爸爸？”——“什么事？”——“我今晚能用车吗？”

关系代词what可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等；它没有疑问的含义，相当于that、which、the thing(s) that(which),或the…that(which),从句表示的是事物。关系代词what在不同情况下有不同意思，其主要用法如下：
1、Do you know what i did just now?(宾语从句）

2、What he said is very improtant(主语从句）

3、That is just what i want (表语从句）

what引导名词性从句的五种用法
一、用法归纳
1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2. 表示“……的人或的样子”：
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
3. 表示“……的数量或数目”：
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”：
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。

I don't know what you want.这里的what可以分解为“the thing that”，也就是what里面含有两部分“the thing”“that”。the thing是主句的宾语，that是从句的先行词，也是从句的宾语。总的来说，what担任了“the thing”“that”两者具有的全部功能，意思上是两者的总和。