烹饪的香料有多少种?

2025-03-25 09:08:35
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

香料作用
  香药类
  (1)八角,又名大茴香、木茴香、大料,属木本植物.味食香料※.味道甘、香.单用或与它药(香药)合用均美.主要用于烧、卤、炖、煨等动物性原料.有时也用于素菜.如炖萝卜、卤豆干等.八角是五香粉中的主要调料.也是卤水中的最主要的香料.
  属性:性温.功用:治腹痛,平呕吐,理胃宜中,疗疝瘕,祛寒湿,疏肝暖胃.
  (2)茴香(即茴香子),又名小茴香,草茴香.属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道甘、香,单用或与它药合用均可.茴香的嫩叶可做饺子馅,但很少用于调味.茴香子主要用于卤、煮的禽畜菜肴或豆类、花生、豆制品等.
  味道、属性、功用与八角基本相同.
  (3)桂皮,又名肉桂,即桂树之皮.属香木类木本植物.味食香料.味道甘、香,一般都是与它药合用,很少单用.主要用于卤、烧、煮、煨的禽畜野兽等菜肴.是卤水中的主要调料.
  属性:性大热,燥火.功用:益肝,通经,行血,祛寒,除湿.
  (4)桂枝,即桂树之细枝,味道、用途、属性、功用与桂皮相同,只不过不及桂皮味浓.
  (5)香叶,即桂树之叶.味道、用途、属性、功用与桂皮相同,但味道较淡.
  (6)砂姜,又名山奈、山辣.属香草类草本植物.本食香料.味道辛、香.生吃熟食均可.单用或与它药合用均佳.主要用烧、卤、煨、烤等动物性菜肴.常加工成粉末用之,在粤菜中使用较多.
  属性:性温.功用:入脾胃,开郁结,辟恶气,治胃寒疼痛等症.
  (7)当归,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味甘、苦、香.主要用于炖、煮家畜或野兽类菜肴.因其味极浓,故用量甚微,否则,反败菜肴.
  属性:性温.功用:补血活血,调气解表,治妇女月经不调、白带、痛经、贫血等症.为妇科良药.
  (8)荆芥:属香草类草本植物,本食香料.味道辛、香,用途不广,有时用于烧、煮肉类,主要作菜用.
  属性:性温.功用:入肺肝,疏风邪,清头目.
  (9)紫苏,属香草类草本植物,本味两用.味道辛、香.用途不广.但用于炒田螺,味道极妙,有时用于煮牛羊肉等.
  属性:性温.功用:解表散寒,理气和中,消痰定喘,行经活络.可治风寒感冒,发热恶寒,咳嗽气喘,恶心呕吐,食鱼蟹中毒等症,梗能顺气安胎.
  (10)薄荷,属香草类草本植物.味本两用.味道辛、香.用途不大,主要用于调制饮料和糖水,有时也用于甜肴.
  属性:性温.功用:清头目,宣风寒,利咽喉,润心肺,辟口臭.
  (11)黄栀子,又名山栀子,属木本植物,味食香料,也是天然色素,色橙红或橙黄.味道微苦、淡香.用途不大,有时用于禽类或米制品的调味,一般以调色为主.
  属性:性寒.功用:清热泻火,可清心肺之热,主治热病心烦,目赤、黄疸、吐血、衄血、热毒、疮疡等症.
  (12)白芷,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道辛、香.一般都是与它药合用.主要用于卤、烧、煨的禽畜野味菜肴.
  属性:性温.功用:祛寒除湿,消肿排脓,清头目.
  (13)白豆蔻,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道辛、香.与它药合用.常用于烧、卤、煨等禽畜菜肴.
  属性:性热、燥火.功用:入肺,宣邪破滞,和胃止呕.
  (14)草豆蔻,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道辛、香、微甘.与它药合用,主要用于卤、煮、烧、焖、煨的禽畜野味等菜肴.
  属性:性热.功用:味性较白豆蔻猛,暖胃温中,疗心腹寒痛,宣胸利膈,治呕吐,燥湿强脾,能解郁痰内毒.
  (15)肉豆蔻,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道辛、香、苦.与它药合之,用于卤煮禽畜菜肴.
  属性:性温.功用:温中散逆,入胃除邪,下气行痰,厚肠止泻.
  (16)草果,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道辛、香.与它药合用,用于烧、卤、煮、煨等荤菜.
  属性:性热燥火.功用:破瘴疠之气,发脾胃之寒,截疟除痰.
  (17)姜黄,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道辛、香、苦.它是色味两用的香料,既是香料,又是天然色素.一般以调色为主,与它药合用,用于牛羊类菜肴,有时也用于鸡鸭鱼虾类菜肴.它还是咖喱粉、沙嗲酱中的主要用料.
  属性:性温.功用:破气行瘀,祛风除寒,消肿止痛.
  (18)砂仁,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道辛、香.与它药合用,主要用于烧、卤、煨、煮等荤菜或豆制品.
  属性:性温.功用:逐寒快气,止呕吐,治胃痛,消滞化痰.
  (19)良姜,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道辛、香.与它药合之,用于烧、卤、煨等菜肴.
  属性:性温.功用:除寒,止心腹之疼,散逆治清涎呕吐.
  (20)丁香,又名鸡舌香,属香木类木本植物,味食香料.味道辛、香、苦.单用或与它药合用均可.常用于扣蒸、烧、煨、煮、卤等菜肴.如丁香鸡、丁香牛肉、丁香豆腐皮等.因其味极其浓郁,故不可多用,不然,则适得其反.
  属性:性温.功用:宣中暖胃,益肾壮阳,治呕吐.
  (21)花椒,又叫川椒,其实并非四川独有,也并非四川产的好.我国华北、西北、华中、华东等地区均有生产.花椒属木本植物,味食香料,味道辛、麻、香.凡动物原料皆可用之.单用或与它药合用均宜,但多用于炸、煮、卤、烧、炒、烤、煎等菜肴.荤素皆宜,在川菜中,对花椒的使用,较广较多.
  (22)孜然,味食香料,味辛、香.通常是单用,主要用于烤、煎、炸的羊肉、牛肉、鸡、鱼等菜肴.是西北地区常用而喜欢的一种香料.孜然的味道极其浓烈而且特殊.南方人较难接受此味,故在南方菜中极少有孜然的菜肴.
  属性:性热.功用:宣风祛寒,暖胃除湿.
  (23)胡椒,属藤本植物,味食香料.味道浓辛、香.一切动物原料皆可用之.汤、菜均宜.因其味道极其浓烈,故用量甚微.常研成粉用之.胡椒在粤菜中用得较广.
  属性:性热.功用:散寒,下气,宽中,消风,除痰.
  注:胡椒能发疮助火,伤阴,胃热火旺者忌吃.
  (24)甘草,又名甜草,属草本植物,味食香料,味甘.主要用于腌腊制品及卤菜.
  属性:性平.功用:和中,解百毒,补气润肺,止咳,泻火,止一切痛,可治气虚乏力,食少便溏,咳嗽气喘,咽喉肿痛,疮疡中毒,脘腹及四肢痉挛作痛等症.
  注:多食令人呕吐.
  (25)罗汉果,属藤本植物,味食香料.味道甘.主要用于卤菜.
  属性:性凉.功用:清热,解毒,益气,润肺,化痰,止咳,解暑,生津,清肝,明目,润肠,舒胃,可治呼吸系统、消化系统、循环系统的多种疾病,尤其对支气管炎、急慢性咽喉炎、哮喘、高血压、糖尿病等症均有显著疗效.
  (26)香茅,属香草类草本植物,味食香料.味道香,微甘.通常是研成粉用之.主要用于烧烤类菜肴.也用于调制复合酱料.
  属性:性寒.功用:降火,利水,清肺.
  (27)陈皮,即干桔子皮.属木本植物.味食香料.味道辛、苦、香.单用或与它药合用均宜.主要用于烧、卤、扣蒸、煨等荤菜.也用于调制复合酱料.
  属性:性温.功用,驱寒除湿,理气散逆,止咳痰.
  (28)橙叶,属木本植物,味食香料.味道、用途、属性、功用与陈皮相同.
  (29)乌梅,属木本植物,味食香料.味道酸、香,其用途不大,只用于调制酸甜汁,或加入醋中泡之,使醋味更美.

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