推荐回答(3个)
无论北方品种还是南方品种,中国牡丹总的生态习性是喜凉畏热、喜燥恶湿喜向阳、较耐寒、开花时忌烈日、喜半阴。根据牡丹的这些特性,我们在栽植牡丹时要选择地势高敞、通风向阳、便于排水的地方。如果人们能适当地调节湿度、温度,顺其习性,则在南北方都可以栽植。
〔一)选地
选地主要要注意土质和地势两个方面:
1.土质
由于牡丹的根为粗长的肉质根,生长良好时,根长可达1米以上,所以种植牡丹的土层一定要深厚、肥沃,以疏松的壤土或沙壤土为宜;牡丹在中性的土壤中生长良好,土壤pH值在6.5~7.0为宜;切忌在生土、盐碱土、粘土和涝洼地上种植牡丹,这些土壤必须经过改良才能使用。
2.地势
如果我们能按牡丹习性适当选择地势,在南北方各地均可栽植。如北方气候干燥,可选地势较高的地方种植;而南方牡丹品种群,虽然相对于中原牡丹品种群、西北牡丹品种群来说耐湿热及较耐阴,但由于南方雨水多,尤其是秋季多绵雨,因而防湿是栽培好南方牡丹的关键。因此,栽培地更要选择地势高敞、向阳、通风处。土壤应是表土深厚、肥沃、疏松、排水良好的壤土或砂质土。平地栽培应打厢起垄和挖沟,以降低地下水位和更好地排水。庭园多筑高台栽培,但又不能过高,太高了接不上地气,牡丹也不能很好地生长。
(二)整地
牡丹为深根作物,为了使牡丹的根能够深人土壤中良好生长,达到根深叶茂花大色艳的效果,在选定栽培地后一定要深翻整地,最好在栽植前的2~3个月甚至半年就进行深翻,清除砖头、石块、杂草,并结合整地施足底肥,每667平方米大概要施人有机混合肥料1500~2500千克,甚至更多一些。把肥料翻入土中,仔细耙平。耙平后休闲,等待秋季种植,这样的过程称为“养地”。“养地”时间相对长一些更好。

牡丹喜夏季无酷暑,冬季无严寒,年降雨量较小和气候比较干燥的地区生长。长江和秦岭以南地区冬季虽无严寒,但夏季闷热,雨量又多,均不适合牡丹生长;东北和新疆、青海、内蒙等地冬季气温过低,埋土防寒也不易安全越冬。因此。牡丹主要盛产在河南、山东和安徽的北部,山西、河北、陕西也可栽种,但需埋土保护越冬。
牡丹喜阳光,但在夏季烈日的曝晒下叶片常常退色并停止生长,最好栽在具有疏荫条件的树坛内,用高大的树木来给它们适当遮荫。
牡丹对土壤要求比较严格,土层必须深厚,排水必须良好,雨季田内也不能积水,因此应选地势较高的地方来开辟牡丹园。
牡丹喜欢肥沃的粘质壤土,在沙质土中生长不良,耐干旱而不耐水湿,也耐弱碱,在酸性土中无法生长。
丹的常见种植土壤是不能太酸性,也不能太碱性,不能太干旱,也不能太涝,尤其对土壤排水性要求会更高,现在的种植的基地一般会是房地产转型农业进行绿化,医药行业的环境净化,煤矿土壤的修复等都可以栽种牡丹,西北区域高寒干旱的地方,起牡丹的耐寒耐旱性极强。
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