达尔文和哥白尼为什么受到教会打压
他们做错了什么?
推荐回答(3个)
哥白尼的“日心说”引发的斗争。哥白尼时代的罗马教会采取托勒密的“地心说”来解释天文现象,认为地球是宇宙的中心;而哥白尼则认为地球绕太阳旋转。此论一出,引起当时社会的轩然大波。支持哥白尼观点的伽利略也受到教廷迫害,被一直幽禁到死。後来,当“日心说”受到世界的普遍承认,而教廷也不得不宣布为哥白尼平反时,世人曾欢呼道:这是科学对神权的胜利。进化论的核心思想是生物的生存环境对其基因类型的选择。对於同一物种内部来说,确实存在著种内个体差异,也有著其基因基础。这样的基因选择或者说微观进化,不和圣经记载矛盾。和基督教观点冲突的是宏观进化论。基督教观点是各种生物“各从其类”,生物不能在不同种间产生。比如猩猩和人不能交配,因为彼此的染色体,即遗传物质,不同。偶有一些生物如马和驴交配生骡,而骡则丧失了生育能力,不能视之为可正常产生後代的动物。如果宏观进化论是真的话,那麼,在不同的物种间应当有其链结(link),也就是中间类型。可惜,迄今为止,考古学并无此类证据。这一点连达尔文都承认“是最鲜明而又厉害地反对进化论的理由”。
哥白尼的日心说的提出。这次运动也被称作第一次哥白尼式革命。这次革命,使得人类第一次感到了尴尬,因为日心说的提出彻底使西方人子认为自己居住地是宇宙的中心这个想法崩溃,而自己是上帝的子民和选民也不成立,自己是上帝选为的万物灵长的说法也不成立。哥白尼的日心说使得基督教尴尬,也使得人类自身尴尬。达尔文生物进化论的提出使得人类自身从祖先到物种性质都从神圣宝座跌落下来。人类不是上帝创造的,人类的祖先也仅仅是猿一类的灵长类动物而已。记得当时提出这个理论就引起了人们的恐慌和郁闷,许多固守成见的人都使用浑身解数进行攻讦,印象最深的是一个画漫画的将达尔文画成猴身人面的怪物,画上面还有一行字,叫做“我的祖先是它(猿猴)”
达尔文所发表的《进化论》,在当时触及到教会的《创世论》。所以遭到了当时罗马教廷否认和打压。哥白尼的“日心说”也是触及到当时的一些君主专政,所以60岁的哥白尼在罗马做了一系列的讲演,提出了他的学说的要点,并未遭到教皇的反对。但是他却害怕教会会反对,甚至在他的书完稿后,还是迟迟不敢发表。直到在他临近古稀之年才终于决定将其发表。
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