如何理解《道德经》“道可道也,非恒道也;名可名也,非恒名也”

2025-03-28 10:59:38
推荐回答(4个)
回答(1):

实际《老子第一章》是老子在讲解宣传道理与名利的关系。详解如下:

【老子·德道经原文】道(1)可(2)道(3)也,非恒(4)道也。名(5)可名(6)也,非恒名也。无名万(7)物(8)之始也;有名万物之(9)母(10)也。故(11)恒无欲(12)也,以观其(13)眇(14);恒有欲也,以观其所(15)徼(16)。两者同出(17),异名(18)同谓(19)玄(20)之有(21)玄,众眇(22)之门(23)。

【译文】道理是能够讲述的,不是平常的道理。名声是能够大起来的,不是平常的名声。没有名声是许多人的开始阶段;名声大了许多人就会由此而滋长获取重币的欲望。原来平常没有这种欲望,是因为观察到获取重币的可能性很小;平常就有这种欲望,是因为观察到存在着获取重币的机会他才贪求不止。将讲述道理与扩大名声两者共同写出来,虽名称不同但共同算作既深奥又玄妙,有众多高远地解决这些问题的诀窍。

【注释】(1)“道”事理,道理。《广韵》:理也。众妙皆道也。合三才万物共由者也。

(2)“可”能够;可以。《孟子·梁惠王下》:“可得闻与?”

(3)“道”说;讲述。《诗经·鄘风·墙有茨》:“中冓之言,不可道也。”

(4)“恒”寻常(平常);普通。《三国志·吴主传》:“形貌奇伟,骨体不恒。”

(5)“名”名声,名誉,名望。《史记·滑稽列传》:“故西门豹为邺令,名闻天下。”

(6)“名”大的。《礼记·礼器》:“因名山升中于天。”。注:“犹大也。”

(7)“万”极言其多。《列子·汤问》:“高万仞。”

(8)“物”人,众人。《左传·昭公十一年》:“晋荀吴谓韩宣子曰:‘不能救陈,又不能救蔡,物以无亲。’”

(9)“之”生出,滋长。《礼记·祭礼》:“如语焉而未之然。”

(10)“母”重币。货币有大小轻重之别。大的重的称母,小的轻的称子。《国语·周语下》:“民患轻,则为作重币以行之,于是乎有母权子而行,民皆得焉。”

(11)“故” 同“固”,原来,本来。《史记·李将军列传》:“程不识故与李广俱以边太守将军屯。”

(12)“欲”欲望;嗜欲。《荀子·正名》:“欲者,情之应也。”

(13)“其”根据情况所指的、提到的或认为的那个(人、物、意思或时间)的。《孔雀东南飞》:“其日牛马嘶,新妇入青庐。”

(14)“眇”通“秒”。细小;微末。《管子·水池》:“察于微眇。”

(15)“所”用在动词之前,构成名词性词组,指代人或事物。《孟子·公孙丑上》:“管仲,曾西之所不为也。”

(16)“徼”(jiào)通“侥”。贪求不止。《左传·文公二年》:“寡君愿徼福于周公鲁公。”

(17)“出”《康熙字典》《增韵》:出入也,吐也,写也。

(18)“名”名字,人或事物的名称。《礼记·曲礼下》:“天子不言出,诸侯不生名,君子不亲恶。”

(19)“谓”通“为”wèi。算是,算作。《左传·僖公五年》:“一之谓甚其可再乎?”

(20)“玄”深奥;玄妙。南朝宋颜延之《五君咏·向常侍》:“探道好渊玄,观书鄙章句。”

(21)“有”通“又”。表示进一层。《论语·公治长》:“子路有闻,未之能行,唯恐有闻。”

(22)“眇”古同“渺”,远,高。《荀子·王制》:“彼王者不然;仁眇天下,义眇天下,威眇天下。”

(23)“门”做事的诀窍;解决问题的办法。屈原《九章·惜诵》:“事君而不贰兮,迷不知宠之门。”

回答(2):

难言之隐【大道】下的我勉强统称为‘道’【圣人之道/天道】(然而并没有什么卵用),因此不是其他人老生常谈、自以为是、管中窥豹等日常迷信、小人得志之“道”;话虽如此,但是我无法言状【先名】,姑且自定义为‘名’【第一人称/大名】(然而并没有什么卵用),因此不是其他人彼此约定、分别作为、离散具体等区域局限、偶然方便之“名”! 题外话:幼稚之言一旦先入为主的以为高深莫测,就会产生严重背离的谬误错解!之所以一般人难懂,是因为那时候文字稀有,一字多译,搞不清楚名堂,其实翻译成普通话(重新细究定义)就是一种新的老生常谈、自以为是、管中窥豹、彼此约定、分别作为、离散具体等所谓“道”、“名”之言,因此当他从刚开始说出来的时候就已经没有直接作用或者与后来者没有直接关系了,故曰“然而并没有什么卵用”也!就像一个桶,当它刚形成时就是对他来说最大最直接作用关系,已经形成后就没它的功劳了,把米放进去供人食用,对人而言那是米的功劳,桶没用!

回答(3):

释义:道之为道是一个客观的自然过程,非为阳德动进回蓄之主观结果;先有道之生成,才有阳德动进回蓄之名;阳德恒退是为了观察向前动进的机会,恒进是在实践动进之行为;阳德动进与回蓄,名异而义同,这是阳德动行的奥妙之处,即实质意义所在。

此处言“道”与“名”之关系,是从“名实之辩”角度言义的。

回答(4):

道之为道是一个客观的自然过程,非为阳德动进回蓄之主观结果;先有道之生成,才有阳德动进回畜之名;阳德恒退是为了观察向前动进的机会,恒进是在实现动进之行为阳德动进与回蓄,名导而义同,这是阳德动行的奥妙又处即实质意义所在。 👍
 
 
 
 

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