推荐回答（1个）
软件主要完成：根据比较所得的结果控制硬件切换档位以达到路灯定时工作的要求；检测实时电网电压以控制是否要改变档位以达到电网实时监控的目的；最后则是配合主控室完成多机通信。整个智能路灯节能控制系统被分为了分时分段模块(主要通过时钟芯片DS1302和铁电存储芯片AT24C02配合完成)、电压监控调档模块(由电工参数测量芯片ATT7028加以软件判断来实现)、远程通信模块(由LM1893完成)以及实时显示模块组成。
将一年大致分为三个季节段来对路灯进行控制，每个季节段有着不同的开关灯时间。从开灯到关灯根据当地交通又可大致分为三个阶段来对路灯进行控制，分别为交通高峰期、交通正常期和交通低谷期。这三个阶段加上避免电网电压过低的全压运行档，就构成了全压、高峰、正常、低谷四个工作时间段，根据本地区的实际情况进行划分。系统通过对日历时钟芯片DS1302
读出来的当前与铁电存储器芯片AT24C02中存储的开、关灯时间进行比较，在各档开启的时刻就切换至相应档位，在关闭的时段关闭，其余时段进行监控。在交通高峰时段，保证路灯有足够的照明度。于是正常情况下，路灯应投入第1档运行。此时，当电网电压过低(低于208 V)，则路灯应全压运行；如果电网电压过高(高于236 V)，路灯可以跳过第1档，直接投入第2档运行。在交通正常阶段，要兼顾照度和节电效果，正常情况下，路灯应该投入第2档运行。在电网电压低手205 V时，返回第1档运行；在电网电压高于242 V时，则投入第3档运行。在交通低谷阶段，重点考虑节电效果。正常情况下投入第3档运行，只有当电网电压过低(低于195 V)时，路灯才会返回第2档运行。但是由于电网的波动或干扰，可能会出现电压偶尔的不正常，若一旦检测到电压超限就切换档位，很容易造成误操作，从而导致频繁的切换。设计中采用了以下方法来避免档位的频繁切换：当路灯运行于1～2档时刻之间，需使电压维持在208～236 V之间，这里采用COUNT，COUNT_H，COUNT_L三个计数器来监测电压。COUNT从0开始，每分钟加1，加到5，即5 min后清零。COUNT_H从0开始，每min比较当前电压与电压上限值的大小，若超过上限则将COUNT_H加1，在每次COUNT清零之前，若COUNT H值等于5，则认为连续5 min电压超出上限运行，相应地将路灯运行档位切换至低一档运行；若COUNT_H值小于5，则认为是电网的波动，不进行切换。电压下限监测同理。每5 min将三个计数器同时清零。
从SPI总线上获取ATT7028检测的电工参数的计量结果，再对检测值进行校表，即可对校表寄存器赋值来进行软件校表。
显示模块主要是在控制室内显示当前时间及检测到的路灯的运行情况。
主程序与各个子模块之间采用定时中断联系，每隔1 min中断一次，在每次中断时均要完成四大任务，即读出实时时间发送至主控室，决定是否换档，根据电网波动实际情况控制决定是否改变档位，以及将原边电网电压根据实际情况发送至监控室。软件流程图如图3所示。
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