天安门广场建于什么时候?

2025-04-08 06:51:16
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

故宫前面的广场,就是天安门广场,它是全世界城市广场中最庄严、最宏伟的。

据古书记载,天安门最早建于元代,是元世祖忽必烈皇宫的正南门,名叫正丽门,元朝末,正丽门被毁。

公元1417年,明王朝决定重建皇宫,以元代的正丽门旧址作为皇城大门,沿用唐代皇城正门的名字——承天门,寓皇帝“承天启运”,“受命于天”,理应是国家之主宰之意。当时的承天门规模较小,只不过是一座木牌楼,正中间悬着一块“承天之门”的匾额而已。

后来,承天门曾两度又遭火焚。直到公元1651年清朝顺治帝下诏又重建皇城正门。

清朝皇城正门由宫庭“样式房”(宫庭建筑设计所)绘图并烫样(作模型),其采用传统的形式,仅仅比太和殿低一个等级。但因为它建在高耸的城楼之上,雄伟壮丽,增加了皇城大门的威严与神圣之感。由于当时天下已经渐渐安定,于是该门正式命名为天安门——比喻天下平安的意思。我们现在看到的天安门,是清代中叶结合皇宫的维修而重建的,但基本上保留着当初的风貌。现在的天安门总高33.7米,最下面是汉白玉石精雕的须弥座,座上是高十多米的砖台,每块砖的重量约为48斤,砖台上是绚丽壮观的屋阁,黄色琉璃瓦覆面,丹楹棂窗,画栋雕梁,使人产生赏心悦目的感受。

截至清宣统为止,北京紫禁城共经历了24代帝王。到1924年,冯玉祥将军逐废帝宣统出宫,把紫禁城辟为“故宫博物院”,平民也可以入内参观。从此,天安门广场这一专制时代的禁地,逐渐变成群众活动的场所。

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