什么是被动语态（一般过去时中的）

就是这样。下面是
公式：be+动词的过去分词
应用范围：表示被动的情况，一般是及物动词有被动语态，切记不及物动词与一些固定词组是没有被动语态的。例如：happen, take place

另外还有have等词不常用被动语态的

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一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

例如：Many people speak English.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。

例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)

The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught

一般过去时：was／were＋taught

一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught

过去进行时：have／has been＋taught

现在完成时：have／has been＋taught

歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：

Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；

动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made�by them in the factory.

歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

You ought to take it away.

It ought to be taken away.

They should do it at once.

It should be done at once

一般过去时 (被动语态:was/were+过去分词)
用法：
A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。
例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）
He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）
C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？）
Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）
注意事项：
A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经"，要求加动词原形；后者表示"习惯于"，要求加名词或动名词。
下面是常用的不规则动词表：
动词原形（一般现在时） 动词过去式（一般过去时） 动词过去分词（完成时、被动语态）
1 am,is was been
2 are were been
3 beat beat beaten
4 become became become
5 begin began begun
6 blow blew blown
7 break broke broken
8 bring brought brought
9 build built built
10 buy bought bought
11 can could 无
12 catch caught caught
13 choose chose chosen
14 come came come
15 cost cost cost
16 cut cut cut
17 dig dug dug
18 do did done
19 draw drew drawn
20 drink drank drunk
21 drive drove driven
22 eat ate eaten
23 fall fell fallen
24 feel felt felt
25 find found found
26 fly flew flown
27 forget forgot forgotten
28 freeze froze frozen
29 get got got
30 give gave given
31 go went gone
动词原形 动词过去式 动词过去分词
1 grow grew grown
2 hang hung,hanged hung;hanged
3 have,has had had
4 hear heard heard
5 hide hid hidden,hid
6 hit hit hit
7 hold held held
8 hurt hurt hurt
9 keep kept kept
10 know knew known
11 lay laid laid
12 learn learnt learnt,learned
13 leave left left
14 lend lent lent
15 let let let
16 lie lay lain
17 lose lost lost
18 make made made
19 may might 无
20 mean meant meant
21 meet met met
22 mistake mistook mistaken
23 put put put
24 read read read
25 ride rode ridden
26 ring rang rung
27 rise rose risen
28 run ran rung
29 say said said
30 see saw seen
31 sell sold sold
32 send sent sent
动词原形 动词过去式 动词过去分词
1 set set set
2 shall should 无
3 shine shone shone,shined
4 show showed shown
5 shut shut shut
6 sing sang sung
7 sink sank,sunk sunk,sunken
8 sit sat sat
9 sleep slept slept
10 smell smelt,smelled smelt,smelled
11 speak spoke spoken
12 spill spilt spilt
13 spit spat spat
14 spoil spoilt spoilt
15 stand stood stood
16 steal stole stolen
17 sweep swept swept
18 swim swam swum
19 take took taken
20 teach taught taught
21 tell told told
22 think thought thought
23 throw threw thrown
24 understand understood understood
25 wake waked,woke waked,woken
26 wear wore worn
27 will would 无
28 win won won
29 write wrote written

被动语态的结构是
“be
＋
过去分词”
，各种时态的变化就是助动词
be
的变化。be
的过去式是
was
(单三)
和
were，所以一般过去时的被动语态是
was
done
或
were
done。例如：
～The
room
was
cleaned.
～Some
of
the
rooms
were
cleaned.