得侏儒症的原因是什么?

2025-02-26 19:20:08
推荐回答(3个)
回答(1):

侏儒症的原因

       


那么,侏儒症又是怎么引起的呢?病毒还是病菌,又或是营养因素?其实都不是。



侏儒症是由一种基因疾病引起的会导致短小的身材和骨骼不成比例的生长。而“垂体性侏儒症”的病因有两种:一种是原发性,病因不明,部分属遗传性疾病。一种是继发性,即由于垂体周围组织有各种病变,包括肿瘤,如颅咽管瘤、垂体黄色瘤等;感染如脑炎、脑膜炎、结核病等。


原发性垂体侏儒多见于男孩,初生时正常,1~2岁左右发育也正常,一般3~4岁开始发现生长发育落后,随着年龄的增长,孩子越大越显出智力的落后。如果是继发性的,发病年龄可在任何时候。如继发于垂体肿瘤,症状发生于肿瘤初起之时,并可伴有其他肿瘤的表现。垂体侏儒患儿从外观上看,比其实际年龄要小,但其四肢、躯干、头面部的比例都很匀称。只是个儿矮,整个儿成比例的缩小,智力发育可不受影响,看起来像小大人。这种孩子出牙也晚,多数有性腺发育不全,第二性征发育不全或缺乏,往往在青春发育期后仍保持儿童面容,嗓音不变粗,仍保持音调较高的童音。真正的垂体侏儒比较少见。因此,不要把个子矮的孩子都认为是这种病。


综合来说,造成小儿侏儒症的常见病因有如下几个:


1.骨胳系统疾病如软骨营养不良和抗维生素D性佝偻病;


2.染色体异常如先天性愚型(21一三体综合征)猫叫综合症(5号染色体短臂缺失)和先天性卵巢发育不良症;


3.先天性酶的代谢缺陷如粘多糖病和肝糖原累积症;


4.内分泌障碍如垂体性侏儒症甲状腺功能减退(克汀病);


5.肾脏疾病如肾小管性酸中毒和范可尼综合征等;


6.家族性矮小症和原发性佚孺症体质性生长发有延缓或青春期延迟;


7.长期大剂量的肾上腺皮质激素的应用。

回答(2):

病因]

1.生长激素缺乏或分泌不足,导致身高不能正常生长。 2.遗传因素有关,家族性矮身材。 3.生长激素不敏感或抵抗综合征,多由生长激素受体基因突变所致,多呈常染色体隐性遗传。 4.约1/3宫内生长迟缓儿成年后身材矮小。 5.骨骼发育障碍,包括各种骨、软骨发育不全等,均有特殊的面容和体态。 6.其他内分泌代谢病引起的生长落后,如先天性甲状腺功能减低症、先天性肾上腺皮质增生、皮质醇增多症、粘多糖病、糖原累积病、肾小管酸中毒等。

回答(3):

侏儒症目前称为矮小、矮身材。引起矮小的原因非常复杂,遗传因素、内分泌因素、躯体疾病因素、先天母亲孕期的因素,均可影响身高增长。如孕期疾病,导致婴儿出生时低体重,其中大概有15%会出现矮身材,女性成年后身高低于1.50米,男性身高低于1.60米;内分泌的因素如生长激素缺乏、甲状腺功能低下也会影响到身高的增长;染色体疾病如Turner综合征,21-三体综合征,以及遗传代谢病,如软骨发育不全,以及肾小管问题,也可引起矮小。

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