推荐回答(1个)
螺纹切削:
指用成形刀具或磨具在工件上加工螺纹的方法。
螺纹铣削:在螺纹铣床上用盘形铣刀或梳形铣刀进行铣削。盘形铣刀主要用于铣削丝杆﹑蜗杆等工件上的梯形外螺纹。梳形铣刀用于铣削内﹑外普通螺纹和锥螺纹,由于是用多刃铣刀铣削﹑其工作部分的长度又大于被加工螺纹的长度,故工件只需要旋转1.25~1.5转就可加工完成,生产率很高。螺纹铣削的螺距精度一般能达8~9级,表面粗糙度为R5~0.63微米。这种方法适用于成批生产一般精度的螺纹工件或磨削前的粗加工。
在科技发达技术先进的今天加工中心成为各生产企业不可代替的工具,所以螺纹加工越来越多都是用铣削加工,效率高步骤简化精度高从而给企业带来更大的效益。为了适应这一需求很多公司应需而生。为一些特殊需求的螺纹提供专业的方案。
螺纹磨削:主要用于在螺纹磨床上加工淬硬工件的精密螺纹,按砂轮截面形状不同分单线砂轮和多线砂轮磨削两种。单线砂轮磨削能达到的螺距精度为5~6级,表面粗糙度为R1.25~0.08微米,砂轮修整较方便。这种方法适于磨削精密丝杠﹑螺纹量规﹑蜗杆﹑小批量的螺纹工件和铲磨精密滚刀。多线砂轮磨削又分纵磨法和切入磨法两种。纵磨法的砂轮宽度小于被磨螺纹长度,砂轮纵向移动一次或数次行程即可把螺纹磨到最后尺寸。切入磨法的砂轮宽度大于被磨螺纹长度,砂轮径向切入工件表面,工件约转1.25转就可磨好,生产率较高,但精度稍低,砂轮修整比较复杂。切入磨法适于铲磨批量较大的丝锥和磨削某些紧固用的螺纹。
螺纹研磨:用铸铁等较软材料制成螺母型或螺杆型的螺纹研具,对工件上已加工的螺纹存在螺距误差的部位进行正反向旋转研磨,以提高螺距精度。淬硬的内螺纹通常也用研磨的方法消除变形,提高精度。
攻丝和套丝:攻丝是用一定的扭距将丝锥旋入工件上预钻的底孔中加工出内螺纹。套丝是用板牙在棒料(或管料)工件上切出外螺纹。攻丝或套丝的加工精度取决于丝锥或板牙的精度。加工内﹑外螺纹的方法虽然很多,但小直径的内螺纹只能依靠丝锥加工。攻丝和套丝可用手工操作,也可用车床﹑钻床﹑攻丝机和套丝机。
螺纹车削:
车削螺纹注意事项:考虑螺纹加工牙型的膨胀量,外螺纹大径(公称直径d)一般应车得比基本尺寸小0.2~0.4mm(约0.13P),保证车好螺纹后牙顶处有0.125P的宽度(P是螺距),镗内螺纹的底孔时保证底孔直径为公称直径-P。。螺纹切削应注意在两端设置足够的升速进刀段δ1和降速退刀段δ2,以剔除两端因变速而出现的非标准螺距的螺纹段。同理,在螺纹切削过程中,进给速度修调功能和进给暂停功能无效;若此时按进给暂停键,刀具将在螺纹段加工完后才停止运动。螺纹加工的进刀量可以参考螺纹底径,即螺纹刀最终进刀位置。螺纹小径为:大径-1.2倍螺距;螺纹加工的进刀量应不断减少,具体进刀量根据刀具及工件材料进行选择,但最后一次不要小于0.1mm。螺纹加工完成后可以通过观察螺纹牙型判断螺纹质量及时采取措施。但应注意对外螺纹来说当螺纹牙顶未尖时,增加刀的切入量反而会使螺纹大径增大,增大量视材料塑性而定,当牙顶已被削尖时,增加刀的切入量则大径成比例减小,根据这一特点要正确对待螺纹的切入量,防止报废。对于一般标准螺纹,都采用螺纹环规或塞规来测量。在测量外螺纹时,如果螺纹“过端”环规(通规)正好旋进,而“止端”环规(止规)旋不进,则说明所加工的螺纹符合要求,反之就不合格。测量内螺纹时,采用螺纹塞规,以相同的方法进行测量。除螺纹环规或塞规测量外还可以利用其它量具进行测量,用螺纹千分尺测量螺纹中径等等。
螺纹底孔D钻=D-P,D螺纹大径P螺距
确定目的:攻螺纹时不会因挤压作用,使螺纹牙顶与牙底之间不咬死(用丝锥攻的时候也有这个现象)保证有效的工作高度等!
底孔深度H钻=h有效+0.7D
h有效螺纹有效深度;D螺纹大径
确定目的:主要是在不通孔时用丝锥攻螺纹时丝锥切削部分有锥角,端部不能切出完整的牙型,所以钻孔深度要大于螺纹的有效深度。
M8有粗牙,细牙之分
1.粗牙M8的,螺距P=1.25,粗牙记法:M8(省略螺距);
2.细牙M8的,螺距P=1,细牙记法:M8x1。
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