自力式压差控制器原理和选型?

2025-03-11 00:36:26
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

自力式压差控制阀和自力式流量平衡阀 在供热和空调系统中常出现冷热不均,部分用户室温不达标,主要原因是水力工况不平衡,即各个热用户的水流量分配不合理,解决这个问题只有靠平衡阀来完成。供热系统在传统的供热体制下是一种平均分配的供热模式,这种供热模式一般采取定流量的质调节。晋城市热网采取的就是这种供热模式,在这种供热模式指导下,在每个热用户的系统所有入口全部安装了自力式流量平衡阀,但在安装和使用中存在一些问题。 以河北同力阀门有限公司生产的自力式流量平衡阀和自力式压差控制阀为例,简要说明它的原理和应用。1 自力式流量平衡阀1.1 工作原理当介质进入主阀时,进口压力为P1,手动节流阀的前后压力分别为P2和P3,当节流阀开启到某一位置时,即人为确定了“定流量”,以及相对应的固定值(P2-P3),当系统流量增大时,(P2-P3)的实际值超过了允许的给定值,此时,主阀、阀芯自动关小,直至流量重新维持到设定流量,反之亦然。1.2缺点产品一般要求最小工作压差为20kPa。如果安装在最不利回路上,势必要求循环泵多增加2m水拄的工作扬程。晋城市普便安装自力式流量平衡阀的做法是错误的,应采取离换热站(或直供低温水的锅炉房)近的楼安装,如果用户离换热站距离大于供热半径的80%时就不宜安装这种自力式流量平衡阀。1.3 安装位置热网近端流量过大,远端流量过小,近端资用压头大于用户需压头,必须用阀门消耗富余压头,即阀门压头=富余压头=资用压头-需用压头。
图1(a)为热用户平衡阀门安装位置及各压力点,如果用户供水管安装平衡阀调网,则P3近似等于P4,P2压力线见图1(b),近乎平行P4。如果用户回水管安装平衡阀凋网,则P2近似等于P1,P3压力线近乎平行P1。户内实际供水压力为P2,回水压力为P3,如果压力过低会倒空,压力过高会导致铸铁暖汽片超压。因此,晋城市平衡阀全部装于回水管的做法是错误的。正确的做法是:对地势比较低的建筑可装在供水管上,消耗压头后保证户内不超标,在地势比较高的建筑可装在回水管上,以保证户内不倒空。在供热半径很大,外网供回水压差很大时,应该在入户供水管安装自力式流量平衡阀,在地形高差不超过10m的建筑群的分支回水管上安装手动的平衡阀。这里自力式流量平衡阀负责控制分配流量,手动平衡阀调整压力,使阀前压力达到0.25MPa的满水运行工况。1.4 供热运行近年来,晋城热网循环泵普便配备了变频器,在气温变化时,质量并调既温度和流量同时调整。这种采用室外温度单一参数控制热源循环泵的转速,实现变流量运行的模式称作热源主动变流量。这种情况下,当系统流量变小时,近端用户回路自力式流量平衡阀动作,维持流量不变,而远端用户回路流量将严重不足,这也是晋城市热网供热效果不好的原因。在热源主动变流量这种情况下,自力式平衡阀不能保证水力工况平衡。如果热网总流量变为原来的75%时,要求各个热用户的流量也变为原来的75%,自力式平衡阀完不成这个任务,只有靠手动平衡阀的调整等量凋节系统流量,实现水力工况平衡。但是,随着供热体制改革的深入,分户控制分户热计量的推广,未来的模式是用户的热量需求将随时变化,热负荷和循环流量取决于用户的需求,又可称作用户主动变流量。这种模式下,热用户的流量随时会发生变化,当用户系统温控阀关小,用户系统流量变小,为保持原流量不变,自力式流量平衡阀会开大阀门,一直到全部打开为止。当用户系统温控阀开大、用户系统流量变大时,为保持原流量不变,自力式流量平衡阀会关小阀门,一直到完全关闭。也只有自力式流量平衡阀失效,用户的流量要求才能实现,自力式流最平衡阀在这里只是一个限流阀,只起限定最大流最的作用。2 自力式压差控制阀取代自力式流量平衡阀自力式压差控制阀与自力式流量平衡阀同属于变流量-定流量装置,其区别在于自力式流量控制阀的变流量装置在阀门本体上,而自力式压差控制阀的变流量装置在阀门“用户”内。2.1 自力式压差控制阀的工作原理当网路的供水压力P1增大时,被控回路的供水压

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