that与which两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which。如：She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。
2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which。如：The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。
3. much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that。如：There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能that can be done must be done.
4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that。如：This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。
5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that。如：。如：This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。
7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that。如：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
8. 当要避免重复时。如：Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？
which是指代dumb english吧。Dumb English is not conducive to the development of students, 这句的意思是哑巴式英语对于学生的发展来说是没有好处的。
然后后面的which can lead to a lot of troubles in their future就是说哑巴式英语会导致学生未来出现很多问题。
关系代词引导定语从句从句中，可充当主语宾语表语。
of which构成关系副词，引导定语从句，
which 只带这件事
what指代内容
what可以引导名词性从句，在从句中可做主语、宾语、表语。
which是关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语。引导定语从句的词分为关系代词（which,that,who,whom,whose,as）关系副词（when,where,why）,注意：没有what.
简单点记吧：定语从句放在表示“事物”的名词后面，且关系代词在从句中充当句子成分，用which。如果不是定语从句，就考虑用what。
如：
1.This is the book which I talked about yeasterday.
(which引导定语从句放在名词book后面起修饰作用，which在从句中充当talk about的宾语)
2. This book is what I talked about yesterday.(what引导名词性从句，放在is之后，what 在表语从句（名词性从句）充当talked about的宾语。)
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