递延所得税资产和递延所得税收益如何用?

2025-03-06 17:58:01
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

按照新所得税会计准则的要求,在资产负债表日,企业首先根据税法规定对税前会计利润进行调整,按照调整后的应纳税所得额计算应交所得税,然后根据资产或负债的账面价值与税法计税基础确定的暂时性差异计算递延所得税资产或递延所得税负债,最后通过倒轧的方法来计算所得税费用。 (一)当期所得税的计量 资产负债表日,当期所得税是指企业按照税法规定计算确定的针对当期发生的交易和事项,应交纳给税务部门的所得税金额。即: 应交所得税=应纳税所得额×所得税率 其中,应税所得额=会计利润±永久性差异+发生可抵扣暂时性差异-转回可抵扣暂时性差异-发生应纳税暂时性差异+转回应纳税暂时性差异。 (二)递延所得税的计量 资产负债表日,对于递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债,应当按照预期收回该资产或清偿该负债期间的适用税率计量。对于确认的递延所得税,分别计入递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债。 递延所得税资产=可抵扣暂时性差异×所得税税率 递延所得税负债=应纳税暂时性差异×所得税税率 资产的计税基础是指企业在收回资产账面价值的过程中,计算应纳税所得额时按照税法规定可以从应税经济利益中抵扣的金额。如果这些经济利益不需要纳税,则该资产的计税基础即为其账面价值。 通常情况下,资产取得时其入账价值与计税基础是相同的,后续计量因会计准则规定与税法规定不同,可能造成账面价值与计税基础的差异(即暂时性差异)。 负债的计税基础是指负债的账面价值减去未来期间计算应纳税所得额时按照税法规定可予抵扣的金额。 一般而言,短期借款、应付票据、应付账款、其他应收款等负债的确认和偿还不会对当期损益和应纳税所得额产生影响,其计税基础即为账面价值。某些情况下,负债的确认可能会涉及损益,进而影响不同期间的应纳税所得额,使得计税基础与账面价值之间产生差额,形成暂时性差异。企业应于每个资产负债表日对形成的暂时性差异,按重要性原则确认所得税资产、递延所得税负债及相应的递延所得税费用。 (三)所得税费用的计量 企业在计算确定当期所得税及递延所得税以后,利润表中的所得税费用为两者之和。即: 所得税费用=当期应交所得税+递延所得税。

回答(2):

你好。
由于会计与税法之间的目的的不同,导致会计处理与税法处理不可避免的存在差异。因此,为了核算这些差异,会计中出现了所得税会计。
现代的所得税会计,将会计与税法之间的差异划分为“暂时性差异”和“非暂时性差异”,前者随着业务的开展将逐步被转回并最终消除,而后者将不会被转回。由此,对于后者,会计上只能将其影响的所得税计入当期所得税费用中;而对于前者,由于最终将会被转回,因此,该差异影响的所得税,应当单独核算,不计入当期所得税中而应当予以递延,即“递延所得税资产”(未来可减少应交所得税的数额)、“递延所得税负债”(未来应增加应交所得税的数额)。
递延所得税资产和递延所得税负债,将影响未来应交所得税的金额,基于“暂时性差异”最终将会被转回的原理,该影响金额必定也反方向影响当期的所得税的金额。所以,在确认递延所得税资产或者递延所得税负债时,必定应当同时确认其影响当期的所得税的金额,即:
递延所得税
=
(期末递延所得税负债

期初递延所得税负债)

(期末递延所得税资产–
期初递延所得税资产)
上述计算得出的“递延所得税”,在扣除应当予以资本化以及应当记入所有者权益的部分后,计算结果为正的,即为“递延所得税费用”、计算结果为负的,即为“递延所得税收益”。
所得税费用
=
当期所得税费用
+
递延所得税费用(或者:

递延所得税收益)
当期所得税费用
=
当期应交的企业所得税税额
上述所得税会计,采用的核算方法为“资产负债表债务法”。
至于“递延所得税借项”和“递延所得税贷项”,虽然也是所得税会计中的概念,但不是“资产负债表债务法”中的概念,而是所得税会计另两种核算方法——“利润表债务法”、“利润表递延法”下的概念。“递延所得税借项”列示于资产方,而“递延所得税贷项”列示于负债方。此外,“递延所得税借项”和“递延所得税贷项”,不可能同时与“递延所得税资产”和“递延所得税负债”列示于资产负债表中。

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