在英语中什么情况下使用宾格?

如题!
2024-11-23 04:46:26
推荐回答(3个)
回答(1):

人称代词里的:主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.
打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客。主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面。

英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如:

I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。

顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。

在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题:

⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误:

*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.

*(2)Her knew what had happened.

但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如:

*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.

*(4)He and her knew what had happened.

*(5)This is between you and he.

这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如:"for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如:

(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.

(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.

显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he"。

⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此:

(8)a. You did as well as she.

b. You did as well as her.

(9)a. I am older than he.

b. I am older than him.

(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下:

(10)You did as well as she did.

(11)I am older than he is .

此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b):

(12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.

b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.

(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B:

(13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).

b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.

显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子。

不然,把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可:

(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.

(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.

回答(2):

宾格(accusative case;objective case;casus accusativus)表示一个动词直接宾语的名词或一个前置词的宾语。

几种语言都有宾格,包括拉丁语、希腊语、德语、俄语和芬兰语。

名词词尾变化较少的英语,在少数一些代词中存在宾格(例如,whom是who的宾格形式;him是he的宾格形式)。

注意:who/whom和he/him在英语中不仅仅是主格和宾格的关系,也是主格和与格的关系(例如:I gave him the present.等等),在古英语中,有很明显的区分:him是与格,hine是宾格。这个双重性使得很多英语学生没有意识到英语中宾格和与格的不同

回答(3):

动词前,介词前