break up和break down的区别

break up 和 break down 的区别在于它们的词义和所使用的语境不同。

1. 词义不同：

break up       n. 破裂；崩溃；分离；解体；分手

造句：The break  up of their marriage surprised no one.他们婚姻破裂谁都不觉得奇怪。

break down     n. 崩溃；故障；衰弱；分类，明细；跺脚曳步舞

造句：His frequent depressions were the prelude to a complete mental breakdown.

他经常抑郁寡欢,后来精神完全崩溃了。

2.所使用的语境不同

break up 和 break down 在英汉词典里都译为“分开”、‘损坏”。但这两个词组的含义却

大不相同。

break up 的基本词义是“断开”以及因断开而造成的损坏；

break down 的基本词义是“（因出问题而）不能运转”以及因不能工作而造成的损坏，字面

译为“垮了”、“拆分”。这两个词因表达的词义不一样，通常不能换用。

打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落 break up 1. 解散，驱散，拆散，(使)分散，散开，消散[尤作为命令，亦作break it up走开，散开，住手，停止扭打(或争吵)]：break down 1. (机器等)发生故障，失灵，失效，出毛病，坏掉，损坏： The car broke down汽车坏了。2. 坍塌；崩溃，瓦解： The bridge broke down in last earthquake.那座桥在上次地震中坍塌了。3. .中断，中止，停顿，破裂： Talks have broken down over the disputed territory.对有争议的领土问题的谈判破裂了 。4. (使)感情上失去控制，不能抑制感情，放声痛哭起来，情不自禁地痛哭起来： She broke down and wept at the sad news.她控制不住感情，为此噩耗而哭泣。to break down in tears放声哭5. (在健康或精神等方面)(使)垮掉，垮下来，(健康等)变得衰弱，衰弱下来，(由于过度忧愁或工作而)精神不支，(体力、精神)支持不住： His health has broken down because of working too hard.他因工作过度劳累，身体垮下来了。6. 制服，克服；镇压，压倒(对方等)；(使)减轻，(使)缓和： Some people experience shyness as a barrier to communication, but this can be broken down gradually.有些人觉得羞怯成为交际上的障碍，但这是可以逐渐克服的 。7. 分成若干部分；把(化合物等)分解；把(机器等)拆散，拆开(以便贮藏或运输): to break down a beef carcass into basis cuts把牛肉畜体分切成几大块to break down a substance into its components把某种物质分解成各种成分8. 把(成本、总数等)分成细目；把(统计资料)分类；分析，对…分类；可被分析，可分类： to break down a hotel bill into daily charges把旅馆账单归入日常费用类9. 打破，破除；毁掉；拆除，拆毁，摧毁，捣毁；破坏；使无效： I had to break the door down because I lost the key.因我丢了钥匙，不得不把门打破。10. 彻底失败，不成功 11. 证明…不可信，驳斥 12. 使(橡胶)软化；冲淡…的浓度 13. 【电子学】(电路、电子管等)绝缘击穿 14. 把(原木)切小以便在锯床上锯；把(原木)锯成四角木材 15. 因事故把(锯床或机器)停下来 break down n. 1. the act of disrupting an established order so it fails to continue 2. a mental or physical breakdown 3. a cessation of normal operation 4. an analysis into mutually exclusive categories v. 1. make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features 2. make ineffective 3. lose control of one's emotions 4. stop operating or functioning 5. separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts 6. fall apart 7. cause to fall or collapse 8. collapse due to fatigue, an illness, or a sudden attack 以上来源于: WordNet分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉；制服

break down侧重于化学上的分解,同时还有镇压、机器损坏故障、健康状况下降、计划终止等
break up侧重于物理上的分解,同时有精神崩溃、终止、结束、解散的含义

break up是物理的
break out是化学上的
break up 是一个东西分成多半．多指原来的东西break up．
break down　是的大东西变成一些小的东西．原来的东西break down　to 变成一堆小的东西．

(1) 你已经很了解两者之间不同的含义,但你不知道用它们来写句子?
(2) "break down the window" =拆掉窗子; "break down a partition"=拆掉隔墙... (没有错!)
(3) (A) Break down : 动词
(a) break down a partition/window;
(b) the elevator/car broke down
(c) the population breaks down into three groups; trade negotiations broke down.
(d) the Libyan government's power has broken down; Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination;
(e) She broke down in anguish...
(3) (B) Break down : 名词
(a) nervous breakdown;神经衰弱
(b) He prepared a breakdown of the population report
(c) Electricity: To undergo a breakdown

(4) Break up: (没有<精神崩溃>的含义!)
(a)She broke up a chocolate bar.
(b)The river ice finally broke up.
(c) Her family has broken up.家庭破碎
(d) The crowd broke up after the game; His jazz band broke up. 解散
(e) They argued, and their friendship broke up.友谊破裂
(f) Guards broke up the fight 终止