怎么区分砂岩和泥岩
怎么才能正确的区分出砂岩和泥岩?
推荐回答(5个)
砂岩和泥岩的区别如下:
1、成分不同
泥质粉砂岩成分主要为粉砂,含少量粘土矿物及胶结物,砂质泥岩主要成分为粘土矿物 ,含少量砂质。
2、颗粒大小不同
砂岩结构呈颗粒状,透水性能良好,其砂粒粒径在1/16-2mm,泥岩是粘土岩的一种,由粘土物质经压实作用、脱水作用、重结晶作用后形成。其由微小矿物组成,粒径在1/256mm,具有页状或薄片状层理,用硬物击打易裂成碎片,透水性差。
3、手感质地不同
泥质砂岩的断口较沙质泥岩粗糙 , 泥质砂岩的砂感更强些,而沙质泥岩细腻些
浸水后,泥岩易软化。

扩展资料:
泥岩常见类型
1、钙质泥岩。含适量碳酸钙,常见于大陆红色岩系和海洋、潟湖相的沉积岩层。
2、铁质泥岩。含较多的铁矿物,如赤铁矿、褐铁矿、针铁矿等,多见于红色岩层。
3、硅质泥岩。SiO2含量较高,不含或极少含铁质和碳酸盐质物,常与铁质岩、硅质岩、锰质岩相伴生。泥岩具吸水、粘结、耐火等性能,可用于制砖瓦、制陶等工业。
特点:
矿物成分复杂,主要由粘土矿物(如水云母、高岭石、蒙脱石等)组成,其次为碎屑矿物(石英、长石、云母等)、后生矿物(如绿帘石、绿泥石等)以及铁锰质和有机质。质地松软,固结程度较页岩弱,重结晶不明显。
参考资料来源:百度百科-泥岩
百度百科-砂岩
两者主要的区分就是颗粒大小和粘土矿物与胶结物和砂质的“含量比”不同而已。
泥质岩和砂岩的结构都是由细小颗粒组成的沉积岩。
砂岩: 由石英颗粒(沙子)形成,结构稳定,通常呈淡褐色或红色,主要含硅、钙、黏土和氧化铁。岩石由碎屑和填隙物两部分构成。碎屑除石英、长石外还有白云母、重矿物、岩屑等。填隙物包括胶结物和碎屑杂基两种组分。常见胶结物有硅质和碳酸盐质胶结;杂基成分主要指与碎屑同时沉积的颗粒更细的黏土或粉砂质物。填隙物的成分和结构反映砂岩形成的地质构造环境和物理化学条件。砂岩按其沉积环境可划分为:石英砂岩、长石砂岩和岩屑砂岩三大类。砂层和砂岩构成石油、天然气和地下水的主要储集层。砂和砂岩可用做磨料、玻璃原料和建筑物石材材料。
泥岩:矿物成分复杂,主要由粘土矿物(如水云母、高岭石、蒙脱石等)组成,其次为碎屑矿物(石英、长石、云母等)、后生矿物(如绿帘石、绿泥石等)以及铁锰质和有机质。质地松软,固结程度较页岩弱,重结晶不明显。常见类型有:
①钙质泥岩。含适量碳酸钙,常见于大陆红色岩系和海洋、湖相的沉积岩层。
②铁质泥岩。含较多的铁矿物,如赤铁矿、褐铁矿、针铁矿等,多见于红色岩层。
③硅质泥岩。SiO2含量较高,不含或极少含铁质和碳酸盐质物,常与铁质岩、硅质岩、锰质岩相伴生。泥岩具吸水、粘结、耐火等性能,可用于制砖瓦、制陶等工业。
泥质粉砂岩成分主要为粉砂,含少量粘土矿物及胶结物
砂质泥岩主要成分为粘土矿物
,含少量砂质
感觉泥质粉砂岩的断口较沙质泥岩粗糙
手搓的话,泥质粉砂岩的砂感更强些,
而沙质泥岩细腻些
浸水后,泥岩易软化
两者主要就是颗粒大小和粘土矿物与胶结物与砂质的含量比区别
泥质岩和粉沙岩都是由细小颗粒组成的沉积岩,但是,泥质岩的组成部分的粒径要小于粉沙,这个就是区别了.
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