《水经注》的内容和价值有哪些?

2025-03-10 18:12:10
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

《水经注》的内容和价值如下:

其一,《水经注》记述了全国1252条大小河流及流域区的综合、全面的地理。不仅记述了河流水系的流源脉络,而且从地理现状一直到历史事迹都择其典型特征作了记录。内容极为丰富,文笔绚烂,体例严谨。

其二,本书的目的“因水以证地,即地以存古。”郦道元在自序中说:

“昔大禹记著山海周而不备,地理志其所录简而不周,《尚书》、《本纪》与《职方》俱略,都赋所述,裁不宣意。”因此才决心注《水经》。《水经注》是一部我国公元5世纪全面的、综合的地理著作。它“并非单纯罗列现象,而是有系统地进行综合性记述。他赋予地理描写以时间的深度,又给予许多历史事件以具体空间的真实感。”

其三,他认识到上古的地理已很渺茫,地理事物和地理现象是在不断变化之中的。部族的迁徙、城市的兴亡、河道的变迁、地名的变更等等都是十分复杂的。与人文地理的事物比较起来。河道、水系的变化相对稳定,所以才决定以水道为纲领和坐标,来记述全面、综合的地理事物。

其四,他涉猎的文献相当广泛。注文引用的书籍,多达437种,还记录了不少汉、魏碑刻及民间采访的口碑谚语及传说。这些反映当时地理、社会面貌的珍贵资料,现在绝大部分都已亡佚,幸有郦注,才得保存吉光片羽。

其五,郦道元还在祖国北方亲自跋涉,探察山水风貌、寻访古迹、追溯流源。因此,《水经注》不少篇章描写逼真生动。使数千年后的读者对当时的地理景观,历历在目。所以《水经注》记录了15世纪之前的祖国综合的大量的地理信息,是研究历史地理、文学、社会发展所不可多得的珍贵文献。

其六,《水经注》是北魏前我国古代地理的总结。它一方面是郦道元个人求索真理、“访渎搜渠”的劳动成果;另一方面也是汉、魏、晋以来众多地方文献和地理著作和地理知识的集结性的成果。没有郦道元个人艰苦卓绝的访求与搜寻,不可能出现这样杰出的地理著作;另一方面,没有汉、魏、晋以来积累的丰富的地理知识与著作也不可能出现《水经注》这样杰出的地理著作。

总之,像《水经注》这样体制严谨、内容丰富的综合性地理著作,产生于公元5世纪,不但在我国是十分杰出的,就在世界上也是突出的。

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