推荐回答(2个)
菊花,叶子突然蔫了主要是因为浇水过多了。菊花怕积水,喜湿润,短日照植物,平日土壤偏干点再浇水,如干了叶蔫了浇点水就有好了。
1、菊花
菊科菊属宿根草本植物,菊花(拉丁学名:Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat. )Tzvel.):在植物分类学中是菊科、菊属的多年生宿根草本植物。按栽培形式分为多头菊、独本菊、大立菊、悬崖菊、艺菊、案头菊等栽培类型;有按花瓣的外观形态分为园抱、退抱、反抱、乱抱、露心抱、飞午抱等栽培类型。不同类型里的菊花又命名各种各样的品种名称。
菊花是中国十大名花之三,花中四君子(梅兰竹菊)之一,也是世界四大切花(菊花、月季、康乃馨、唐菖蒲)之一,产量居首。因菊花具有清寒傲雪的品格,才有陶渊明的“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”的名句。中国人有重阳节赏菊和饮菊花酒的习俗。唐·孟浩然《过故人庄》:“待到重阳日,还来就菊花。”在古神话传说中菊花还被赋予了吉祥、长寿的含义。
菊花是经长期人工选择培育的名贵观赏花卉,公元八世纪前后,作为观赏的菊花由中国传至日本。17世纪末叶荷兰商人将中国菊花引入欧洲,18世纪传入法国,19世纪中期引入北美。此后中国菊花遍及全球。
2、生长环境
菊花为短日照植物,在短日照下能提早开花。喜阳光,忌荫蔽,较耐早,怕涝。喜温暖湿润气候,但亦能耐寒,严冬季节根茎能在地下越冬。花能经受微霜,但幼苗生长和分枝孕蕾期需较高的气温。最适生长温度为20℃左右。
菊花的适应性很强,喜凉,较耐寒,生长适温18-21℃,最高32℃,最低10℃,地下根茎耐低温极限一般为一10℃。花期最低夜温17℃,开花期(中、后)可降至15-13℃。喜充足阳光,但也稍耐阴。较耐干,最忌积涝。喜地势高燥、土层深厚、富含腐殖质、轻松肥沃而排水良好的沙壤土。在微酸性到中性的土中均能生长,而以PH6.2-6.7较好。忌连作。 秋菊为长夜日植物,在每天14.5小时的长日照下进行茎叶营养生长,每天12小时以上的黑暗与100摄氏度的夜温则适于花芽发育。但品种不同对日照的反应也不同。
3、栽培技术
宜选用肥沃的砂质土壤,先小盆后大盆,经2-3次换盆,7月可定盆;定盆可选用6份腐叶土、3份砂土和1份饼肥渣配制成混合土壤。浇透水后放阴凉处,待植株生长正常后移至向阳处。
春季菊苗幼小,浇水宜少;夏季菊苗长大,天气炎热,蒸发量大,浇水要充足,可在清晨浇一次,傍晚再补浇一次,并要用喷水壶向菊花枝叶及周围地面喷水,以增加环境湿度;立秋前要适当控水、控肥,以防止植株窜高疯长。立秋后开花前,要加大浇水量并开始施肥,肥水逐渐加浓;冬季花枝基本停止生长,植株水分消耗量明显减少,蒸发量也小,须严格控制浇水。浇水最好用喷水壶缓缓喷洒,不可用猛水冲浇。浇水除要根据季节决定量和次数外,还要根据天气变化而变化。阴雨天要少浇或不浇;气温高蒸发量大时要多浇,反之则要少浇。一般在给花浇水时,要见盆土变干时再浇,不干不浇,浇则浇透。但不要使花盆汪水,否则会造成烂根、叶枯黄,引起植株死亡。
在菊花植株定植时,盆中要施足底肥。以后可隔10天施一次氮肥。立秋后自菊花孕蕾到现蕾时,可每周施一次稍浓一些的肥水;含苞待放时,再施一次浓肥水后,即暂停施肥。如果此时能给菊花施一次过磷酸钙或0.1%磷酸二氢钾溶液,则花可开得更鲜艳一些。
当菊花植株长至10多厘米高时,即开始摘心。摘心时只留植株基部4-5片叶,上部叶片全部摘除。待长出5—6片新叶时,再将心摘去,使植株保留4-7个主枝,以后长出的枝、芽要及时摘除。摘心能使植株发生分枝,有效控制植株高度和株型。最后一次摘心时,要对菊花植株进行定型修剪,去掉过多枝、过旺及过弱枝,保留3—5个枝即可。9月现蕾时,要摘去植株下端的花蕾,每个分枝上只留顶端一个花蕾。
参考资料
百度百科:https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1/29500?fr=aladdin
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