推荐回答(4个)
齿轮加工有6种方式:
铣齿
成形磨齿
滚齿
剃齿
插齿
展成法磨齿

铣齿:采用盘形模数铣刀或指状铣刀铣齿属于成形法加工,铣刀刀齿截面形状与齿轮齿间形状相对应。此种方法加工效率和加工精度均较低,仅适用于单件小批生产。
成形磨齿:也属于成形法加工,因砂轮不易修整,使用较少。
滚齿:属于展成法加工,其工作原理相当于一对螺旋齿轮啮合。齿轮滚刀的原型是一个螺旋角很大的螺旋齿轮,因齿数很少(通常齿数z = 1),牙齿很长,绕在轴上形成一个螺旋升角很小的蜗杆,再经过开槽和铲齿,便成为了具有切削刃和后角的滚刀。
剃齿:在大批量生产中剃齿是非淬硬齿面常用的精加工方法。其工作原理是利用剃齿刀与被加工齿轮作自由啮合运动,借助于两者之间的相对滑移,从齿面上剃下很细的切屑,以提高齿面的精度。剃齿还可形成鼓形齿,用以改善齿面接触区位置。
插齿:插齿是除滚齿以外常用的一种利用展成法的切齿工艺。插齿时,插齿刀与工件相当于一对圆柱齿轮的啮合。插齿刀的往复运动是插齿的主运动,而插齿刀与工件按一定比例关系所作的圆周运动是插齿的进给运动。
展成法磨齿:展成法磨齿的切削运动与滚齿相似,是一种齿形精加工方法,特别是对于淬硬齿轮,往往是唯一的精加工方法。展成法磨齿可以采用蜗杆砂轮磨削,也可以采用锥形砂轮或碟形砂轮磨削。
常用的齿轮加工方法
1.成形法
这种铣齿方法属于成形法。铣制时,工件安装在铣床的分度头上,用一定模数的盘状(或指状)铣刀对齿轮齿间进行铣削。当加工完一个齿间后,进行分度,再铣下一个齿间。铣齿特点:设备简单;刀具成本低;生产率低;加工齿轮的精度低。
齿轮的齿廓形状决定于基圆的大小(与齿轮的齿数有关)。
用成形法铣齿轮所需运动简单,不需专门的机床,但要用分度头分度,生产效率低。这种方法一般用于单件小批量生产低精度的齿轮。
2.展成法
用展成法加工齿轮时,齿轮表面的渐开线用展成法形成,展成法具有较高的生产效率和加工精度。齿轮加工机床绝大多数采用展成法。
1)滚齿
滚齿加工的原理为模拟一对交错轴斜齿轮副啮合滚动的过程。将其中的一个齿轮的齿数减少到一个或几个,轮齿的螺旋倾角很大,就成了蜗杆 。再将蜗杆开槽并铲背,就成了齿轮滚刀。当机床使滚刀和工件严格地按一对斜齿圆柱齿轮啮合的传动比关系作旋转运动时,滚刀就可在工件上连续不断地切出齿来。
滚齿特点:
a.适应性好;
b.生产率高;
c.加工后的齿廓表面粗糙度大于插齿加工的齿廓表面粗糙度;
d.主要用于加工直齿、斜齿圆柱齿轮和蜗轮。
2) 插齿
插齿机用来加工内、外啮合的圆柱齿轮,尤其适合于加工内齿轮和多联齿轮,这是滚齿机无法加工的。装上附件,插齿机还能加工齿条,但插齿机不能加工蜗轮。
3)剃齿
剃齿是由剃齿刀带动工件自由转动并模拟一对螺旋齿轮做双面无侧隙啮合的过程,剃齿刀与工件的轴线交错成一定角度。剃齿常用于未淬火圆柱齿轮的精加工,生产效率很高,是软齿面精加工最常见的加工方法之一。
4)珩齿
珩齿是一种用于加工淬硬齿面的齿轮精加工方法,工作时珩磨轮与工件之间的相对运动关系与剃齿相同,所不同的是作为切削工具的珩磨轮是用金刚砂磨料加入环氧树脂等材料作结合剂浇铸或热压而成的塑料齿轮。
5)磨齿
磨齿加工的主要特点是:加工精度高,一般条件下加工精度可达IT4~6级,由于采用强制啮合方式,不仅修正误差的能力强,而且可以加工表面硬度很高的齿轮。
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