(2014?无锡)有一混合动力汽车,由汽车发动机(汽油机)和电动机为驱动系统提供动力,汽油发动机每一个

2025-04-01 02:29:57
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

(1)蓄电池储存的电能:
W=UQ=200V×150A×3600s=1.08×108J;
(2)a:汽车以ν1=108km/h=30m/s匀速行驶时,汽车受到的阻力等于牵引力,有
P=

W
t
=
Fs
t
=Fv=Ffv
Ff=
P
v
=
54×103W
30m/s
=1.8×103N;
b:根据表中数据,当速度为1m/s时,E=6.0×102,由E=m
1
2
v2,可得m=
2E
v
=
2×6.0×102N
(1m/s)2
=1.2×103kg,
v0=108km/h=30m/s,v=72km/h=20m/s,
设这一过程中汽油发动机做的总功为W,由动能定理有:W=Ff?s=
1
2
m
v
-
1
2
m
v
=
1
2
×1.2×103kg×[(30m/s)2-(20m/s)2]=3×105J,
蓄电池获得的电能 E=W×50%=1.5×105J;        
(3)在1min内转动5000r,吸入汽油和空气的混合气2500次,
这台发动机在最大功率时1min内发动机做的有用功:
W=69×103W×60s=4.14×106J,
∵压缩比是10(即气缸总容积与燃烧室容积的比值),
∴原吸入气体是排出气体的
10
9

∴汽油占其中的
1
9

发动机消耗汽油的质量:m=7.2×10-4kg×
1
9
×1.8=1.44×10-4kg
1min内汽油完全燃烧放出的热量:
Q=2500×1.44×10-4kg×4.6×107J/kg=1.656×107J,
这台发动机在最大功率时的热机效率
η=
W有用
Q
×100%=
4.14×106J
1.656×107J
×100%=25%.
答:(1)该汽车的动力蓄电池最多可储存1.08×108J的电能;
(2)a:此时汽车所受的阻力是1.8×103N;b:动力蓄电池获得的电能为1.5×105J;
(3)此时这台汽油发动机的效率是25%.

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