陈寿给刘备写列传时,为什么叫他“先主”呢?

2025-04-06 13:49:09
推荐回答(3个)
回答(1):

《三国志》为曹操写了本纪,而《蜀书》和《吴书》记刘备为《先主传》,记孙权称《吴主传》。这是为什么? 他笔下就只承认曹魏的君主才是真的皇帝,但汉晋春秋一书中则反过来以蜀汉为正统,但也不是就能否定那些人称帝的事实,这些是他们认为,而对于刘备孙权的皇帝身份则不与承认,而事实上,问题是该史书的作者承认与否而已,很多称帝立号的人物也不被正史所承认,所以蜀吴两国则无本纪。

这些所谓本纪不本纪的记载级别之分也只是各朝代(史官)的自行认为,魏吴为叛逆,三国志陈寿则以魏国为正统,不过刘备和孙权也是有称帝的事实,资治通鉴也是同样,就是袁术也曾有称帝的事实由于本纪是帝皇级人马的记载卷《三国志》为曹操写了本纪,而《蜀书》和《吴书》记刘备为《先主传》,记孙权称《吴主传》。这是为什么?由于本纪是帝皇级人马的记载卷,不过刘备和孙权也是有称帝的事实,就是袁术也曾有称帝的事实,问题是该史书的曹操比其他人厉害多了 有帝王之实 其他两人空有帝王之名故而尊被迫禅让给晋的曹魏为正统、《三嗣主传》则是后人所改的、治丧等相关的文告皆阙,只出现在裴注之中。而刘备称王。《魏志》中对魏国皇帝各立了本纪。

蜀汉第二任皇帝刘禅,可能与故国情愫有关。孙权宣布称帝,传中也没有著录,且还为生前无帝号的曹操写了本纪。而相反称帝了的刘备,死时则使用与“崩”字同等地位的“殂”字《三国志》作者的政治立场、称帝,则立篇名为《先主传》、治丧等相关的文告皆详细记载,仅引用一篇较短的《汉献帝禅让策文》,《吴主传》中仅有“南郊即皇帝位”的文句。而魏国称王,则称《后主传》,而现今则称《吴主传》,不直称名讳,其登坛告天的文书,如《孙权传》、《孙亮孙休孙皓传》、称帝,其他的只能见于裴注:陈寿为晋代官员。

《吴志》中则称呼吴国皇帝的名讳陈寿是蜀国人 但 被蜀国灭了 后来陈寿在晋朝当官。而晋朝是 魏国禅让而来 所以以魏为正统!其他两国主 则 不能入 本纪。因为《三国志》作者陈寿是西晋史官。晋承魏而得天下,所以《三国志》尊魏为正统。所以曹操就以帝王身份出现在史书中。作者陈寿是晋朝朝臣,晋承魏而得天下,所以《三国志》尊魏为正统。《三国志》为曹操、曹丕、曹睿分别写了武帝纪、文帝纪、明帝纪,而《蜀书》则记刘备、刘禅为先主传、后主传。记孙权称吴主传,记孙亮、孙休、孙皓为三嗣主传。均只有传,没有纪。但传是以本纪的方式写的。

回答(2):

陈寿写的《三国志》是以曹魏为正统,尊称曹魏为皇帝,而称刘备为“先主”是一种敬称,因为刘备在世时登基称帝是蜀刘之主。

回答(3):

这是一种敬称,因为刘备在世之时已经登基称帝,加上他已过世,所以可以被叫做先主。

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