推荐回答(2个)
“动车组”是国人发明的名词,在这个词流行之前的“列车组”、“机车组”与其含义类似。 与“动车组”最接近的外文是“单元化复合列车”。只是“动车组”所辖范围比“单元化复合列车”略广,不仅包含符合“单元化复合列车”定义的列车,还包含一些整列线形流畅、外观整体性很高、动力车与非动力车编组组合相对固定的列车。 高速列车一般都是动车组,但大多数动车组不是高速列车,而是地铁、轻轨等公交通勤列车。 把动力装置分散安装在每节车厢上,使其既具有牵引力,又可以载客,这样的客车车辆便叫做动车。而动车组就是几节自带动力的车辆加几节不带动力的车辆编成一组。 带动力的车辆叫动车,不带动力的车辆叫拖车组。动车组技术源于地铁,是一种动力分散技术。一般情况下,我们乘坐的普通列车是依靠机车牵引的,车厢本身并不具有动力,是一种动力集中技术。而采用了“动车组”的列车,车厢本身也具有动力,运行的时候,不光是机车带动,车厢也会“自己跑”,这样把动力分散,更能达到高速的效果。 作为一种适合铁路中短途旅客运输的现代化交通工具,动车组的分类有多种:按照传动类型,可分为电动车组和内燃动车组;按照动力形式,可分为动力集中型和动力分散型;按照传动方式,又可划分为电传动和液力传动两种类型。 由于动车组可以根据某条线路的客流量变化进行灵活编组,可以实现高密度小编组发车以及具有安全性能好、运量大、往返不需掉转车头、污染小、节能、自带动力等优点,受到国内外市场的青睐,被誉为21世纪交通运输的“新宠儿”。 跟用机车拖动普通车卡相比,动车组的优点是: 1.动车组在两端都有驾驶室,列车掉头时无需先把机车在一端脱钩后再移到另一端挂钩,大为加快运转的速度。同时亦减少车务人员的工作及提高安全。(机车亦可以用推拉操作达到一样的效果) 2.动车组可以容易组合成长短不同的列车。有些地方的动车组会先整成一列,到中途的车站分开成数截,分别开向不同的目的地。 当中动力分散的动车组以下的优点特别明显: 1.动力效率较高;特别是在斜坡上。动车组车卡的重量放置在各个带动力的车轮上,而不会成为拖在机车后面无用的负重。 2.因为同样的原因,动车组上的动力轴对路轨黏著力的要求较低,每轴的载重亦较少。因此选用动车组的高速铁路路线,对路线的土木工程及路轨的要求都较为低。 3.电力动车组因为有较多的电动机,所以再生制动能力良好。对於停站较多的近郊通勤铁路、地下铁路,这优点特别明显。 4. 因为动车组运转快、占地小,行走市郊的通勤铁路很多都是动车组。轻便铁路、地下铁路使用的亦几乎全是动车组
采纳哦
动车组有几节车厢自带动力,联成一组,不靠车头牵动,而其他普通列车要靠车头牵挂行进
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