你还知道哪些陕北的民间艺术,请列举两种并简要说出其特点

2025-02-27 17:05:24
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

陕北民间艺术
一、剪纸
剪纸艺术是中华民族的传统民间工艺,它源远流长,经久不衰,是中国民间艺术中的瑰宝,陕北那些质朴、生动有趣的剪纸艺术造型,有着独特的艺术魅力。其特点主要表现在空间观念的二维性,刀味纸感,线条与装饰,写意与寓意等许多方面。

二、音乐类(唢呐、陕北说书 、陕北道情、榆林小曲 、神府二人台 、陕北民歌、信天游)
1、唢呐
吹唢呐是陕北人民生活中十分常见的一种艺术形式,无论城镇乡下,凡遇婚丧嫁娶、开张庆典、乔迁新居、闹秧歌、合龙口、闹满月、过周年、办庙会及各种庆祝活动都需要雇一、两班吹手来吹奏助兴。唢呐曲牌是有讲究的。红事白事都有专门的套曲。红事以大摆队(亦称得胜令)为主旋律,白事以孤苦伶仃为主旋律。
2、陕北说书
陕北说书是流传于陕北的一种说唱艺术形式,说唱者多为盲人。说书艺人中流传有说书是三皇流传的故事。
3、道情
道情是陕北的地方剧种之一,是以清涧道情为主体,溶合了部分三边道情和神府道情之精。具有浓厚的地方特色,也是曲艺的一个类别。
4、榆林小曲
榆林小曲是流行于陕北榆林县城内的一种带乐器伴奏的清曲坐唱。又叫榆林清唱曲,民间也有叫耍丝弦的。

三、布堆花、耀州陶瓷等等

回答(2):

“皮影”是对皮影戏和皮影戏人物(包括场面道具景物)制品的通用称谓。中国皮影艺术,是我国民间工艺美术与戏曲巧妙结合而成的独特艺术品种,是中华民族艺术殿堂里不可或缺的一颗精巧的明珠。 皮影戏是让观众通过白色布幕,观看一种平面偶人表演的灯影来达到艺术效果的戏剧形式;而皮影戏中的平面偶人以及场面道具景物,通常是民间艺人用手工,刀雕彩绘而成的皮制品,故称之为皮影。
2、皮影的由来:
相传汉文帝时代(公元前179-156年),太子刘启出生后啼哭不止,整皇宫为此苦恼不堪。一次,一个宫女偶然发现年幼的太子盯着窗外树叶投在地上的影子出神,忘记了啼哭,并高兴的手舞足蹈。于是,宫女们用树叶剪成各种人形,动物的道具,用灯光投影在白布上哄逗太子开心。由于树叶很快就会干枯,保存时间太短,后来宫女们发现用牛皮做成的道具韧性好,易保存,易收藏,皮影由此而生。皮影很快流传到民间,勤劳智慧的人们将皮影道具的制作,表演的动作加以完善,又给皮影配以婉转的腔调,诙谐的唱歌,形成了广泛流传于民间的“皮影戏”。至宋代,皮影戏已到达鼎盛时期。到20世纪80年代,皮影戏在陕西民间都一直盛行不衰,农村人的红白喜事,庙会、逢集、开业少不了皮影戏,只要有皮影戏,老百姓便从十里八乡赶去观看。皮影戏是陕西民间很受欢迎的一种娱乐形式。皮影戏俗称灯影戏,是中国最古老的戏剧形式之一,源于1500余年前的中国古都长安,盛行于唐宋,至今仍在中国民间普遍流传,皮影选用上等牛皮,驴皮,经削、磨、洗、刻、着色等24道工序,手工精雕细刻3000余刀而成,皮影的艺术创意汲取了中国汉代帛画、画像石、画像砖和唐宋寺院壁画之手法与风格,其造型精巧别致,刻工细腻,施色考究,充分表现了中国传统文化博大精深,民间艺术的倔巧淳厚。
3、陕西皮影:
陕西关中地区为皮影的发祥地,陕西皮影主要分为东路皮影和西路皮影,西路皮影以宝鸡皮影最为突出,其有以下几个特点:一、规格偏大,身体各部位比例协调,造型优美大方。二、设色艳丽特殊,所采用的过渡色独具特色,各种颜色由深至浅,或由浅至深过渡的相当和谐。三、采用拉刀刻制,所刻皮影不仅刀路光滑,而且线条极为流畅,立体感特别强,形象生动、惟妙惟肖,主要突出刀法和色彩,属于真正意义上的精品皮影,为众多礼品公司长期定点生产单位。

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