高中化学 热固性塑料和热塑性塑料分别是什么结构?

2025-03-25 05:25:30
推荐回答(3个)
回答(1):

热塑性塑料是线性和交叉形结构,热固性塑料是体型结构
从分子机构上来说,热塑性塑料的高分子链之间多是不交联的,就像多条绳子缠绕在一起,但互相之间没有通过化学键结合,成为线性高分子链;相反,热固性塑料的高分子链之间通过化学键、氢键等结合成为一个整体,整个的材料可以看作一个超级大的分子,称为体型结构。

热塑性:树脂为线型结构(多条高分子链聚集,相互间缠绕使许多分子间接触的地方以分子间作用力结合,所以能反复加工,多次使用)热固性:树脂为体型结构(多条高分子链含官能团,高分子间连结是若干化学键,所以一旦加工成型就不会受热熔化)

回答(2):

塑料的种类繁多,因为不同的单体及其组成可以合成不同的塑料。

分为热固性与热塑性二类是塑料分类的一种,前者无法重新塑造使用,后者可一再重复生产。

用简单通俗的话来说:
热固性塑料是原料最后在加热过程中形成产品(材质及形状)一旦定形材质就无法改变。
热塑性塑料则是在材质形成后,可以通过加热使其软化或融化,在软化或融化状态下加工成型,冷却后形状固定。再次加热可以重塑形状。
 
常用塑料大类 
英文简称     中文学名            俗称         用途 
 PE       聚乙烯           
 PP       聚丙烯           百折胶,塑料    微波炉餐盒
 HDPE      高密度聚乙烯        硬性软胶     清洁用品、沐浴产品
 LDPE      低密度聚乙烯                 保鲜膜、塑料膜等
 LLDPE     线性低密度聚乙烯      
 PVC      聚氯乙烯            搪胶      很少用于食品包装
 GPPS      通用聚苯乙烯         硬胶
 EPS      发泡性聚苯乙烯        发泡胶
 HIPS     耐冲击性聚苯乙烯       耐冲击硬胶
 AS,SAN   苯乙烯─丙烯腈共聚物      透明大力胶
 ABS   丙烯腈─丁二烯─苯乙烯共聚合物   超不碎胶
 PMMA     聚甲基丙烯酸酯        亚克力,有机玻璃
 EVA    乙烯─醋酸乙烯之共聚合物     橡皮胶
 PET     聚对苯二甲酸乙酯        聚酯      矿泉水瓶、碳酸饮料瓶
 PBT     聚对苯二甲酸丁酯
 PA      聚酰胺             尼龙
 POM     聚甲醛树酯           赛钢、夺钢
 PPO      聚苯醚            Noryl
 PPS     聚亚苯基硫醚          聚苯硫醚
 PU     聚氨基甲酸乙酯          聚氨酯

回答(3):

线性和支链型属于热塑性 热固性就是网状了

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