推荐回答(3个)
热塑性塑料是线性和交叉形结构,热固性塑料是体型结构
从分子机构上来说,热塑性塑料的高分子链之间多是不交联的,就像多条绳子缠绕在一起,但互相之间没有通过化学键结合,成为线性高分子链;相反,热固性塑料的高分子链之间通过化学键、氢键等结合成为一个整体,整个的材料可以看作一个超级大的分子,称为体型结构。
热塑性:树脂为线型结构(多条高分子链聚集,相互间缠绕使许多分子间接触的地方以分子间作用力结合,所以能反复加工,多次使用)热固性:树脂为体型结构(多条高分子链含官能团,高分子间连结是若干化学键,所以一旦加工成型就不会受热熔化)
塑料的种类繁多,因为不同的单体及其组成可以合成不同的塑料。
分为热固性与热塑性二类是塑料分类的一种,前者无法重新塑造使用,后者可一再重复生产。
用简单通俗的话来说:
热固性塑料是原料最后在加热过程中形成产品(材质及形状)一旦定形材质就无法改变。
热塑性塑料则是在材质形成后,可以通过加热使其软化或融化,在软化或融化状态下加工成型,冷却后形状固定。再次加热可以重塑形状。
常用塑料大类
英文简称 中文学名 俗称 用途
PE 聚乙烯
PP 聚丙烯 百折胶,塑料 微波炉餐盒
HDPE 高密度聚乙烯 硬性软胶 清洁用品、沐浴产品
LDPE 低密度聚乙烯 保鲜膜、塑料膜等
LLDPE 线性低密度聚乙烯
PVC 聚氯乙烯 搪胶 很少用于食品包装
GPPS 通用聚苯乙烯 硬胶
EPS 发泡性聚苯乙烯 发泡胶
HIPS 耐冲击性聚苯乙烯 耐冲击硬胶
AS,SAN 苯乙烯─丙烯腈共聚物 透明大力胶
ABS 丙烯腈─丁二烯─苯乙烯共聚合物 超不碎胶
PMMA 聚甲基丙烯酸酯 亚克力,有机玻璃
EVA 乙烯─醋酸乙烯之共聚合物 橡皮胶
PET 聚对苯二甲酸乙酯 聚酯 矿泉水瓶、碳酸饮料瓶
PBT 聚对苯二甲酸丁酯
PA 聚酰胺 尼龙
POM 聚甲醛树酯 赛钢、夺钢
PPO 聚苯醚 Noryl
PPS 聚亚苯基硫醚 聚苯硫醚
PU 聚氨基甲酸乙酯 聚氨酯
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