推荐回答(4个)
基坑(槽)开挖专项施工方案的主要内容包括:
1、编制依据;
2、工程概况、周边环境及水文地质情;
3、说明本工程特点;
4、施工总体部署;
5、项目管理机构组织;
6、主要的工序及施工方法 后面的就些质量、安全、工期、应急物资、文明施工保证措施。

基坑(槽)开挖施工注意事项:
当开挖基槽的宽度即摆宽角度超过前移钢桩的角度时,就必须有一套较合理的操作方法,才能提高效率,减少空刀吹水时间,而保证工程质量,否则效果就会相反。根据实际操作,将我们所采用的主要操作方法介绍如下:“中间切入,分层开挖,最后一层薄”的操作方法。
最后一层薄,是为保证挖槽工程质量而采取的一项措施。因为绞吸式挖泥船的绞刀轨迹,当泥面越厚,其超深值越大,而泥面越薄,其值越小,质量就越好,故在施工中挖泥分层时,其最后一层越薄越好。
基坑支护施工,土钉墙施工必须遵循“超前支护,分层分段,逐层施作,限时封闭,严禁超挖”的原则要求。城市桥梁工程基坑主要用于承台、桥台和扩大基础施工,一般分为无支护和有支护两类。
一、无支护基坑
特点: [2]
1、基础埋置不深,施工期较短,挖基坑时不影响邻近建筑物的安全。
2、地下水位低于基底,或者渗透量小,不影响坑壁稳定性。
主要形式:无支护基坑的坑壁形式分为垂直坑壁、斜坡和阶梯形坑壁以及变坡度坑壁。
二、有支护基坑
特点:
1、基坑壁土质不稳定,并且有地下水的影响。
2、放坡土方开挖工程量过大,不经济。
3、容易受到施工场地或邻近建筑物限制,不能采用放坡开挖。1.不放坡不支挡土板:此时的基坑是一个长方体或者圆柱体。
(1)当为长方体时:挖基坑工程量 = (a+2c)(b+2c)h
(2)当为圆柱体时:挖基坑工程量 = π*r*r*h
2.放坡:此时的基坑是一个棱台或者圆台。
(1)当为棱台时:挖基坑工程量 = (a+2c+Kh)(b+2c+Kh)h+1/3 K*K*h*h*h
(2)当为圆台时:挖基坑工程量 = 1/3 πH(r*r+rR+R*R)
跟设计方案有关,大体可为:1、编制依据、2、工程概况、周边环境及水文地质情况3、说明本工程特点4、施工总体部署5、项目管理机构组织6、主要的工序及施工方法 后面的就些质量、安全、工期、应急物资、文明施工保证措施。
1、了解地勘资料
2、现场自然条件,及施工条件
3、大约工程量,选择机械
4、轴线控制,标高控制,长宽控制,人力组织
5、地基处理
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