推荐回答(3个)
《鸿门宴》是汉代史学家、文学家司马迁创作的一篇史传文,出自《史记·项羽本纪》。文章叙述的是秦朝灭亡后(公元前206年)两支抗秦军队的领袖项羽和刘邦在秦朝都城咸阳郊外的鸿门举行的一次宴会。
全文以刘邦赴项营请罪为核心,连同赴营以前和逃席以后分为三个部分,以曹无伤告密、项羽决定进攻始,以项羽受璧、曹无伤被诛终,按项羽是否发动进攻、刘邦能否安然逃席两个问题逐层展开故事。情节跌宕起伏,形象生动鲜明,组织周密严谨,语言精练优美。
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扩展资料
《鸿门宴》是中国两千年来脍炙人口的名篇,被收入不同版本的高级中学语文教科书,一直作为中学生语文必读篇目。后世还根据《鸿门宴》的故事情节衍生出大量的文学艺术作品或戏剧影视作品。
如唐王毂有《鸿门宴》诗:“寰海沸兮争战苦,风云愁兮会龙虎。四百年汉欲开基,项庄一剑何虚舞。殊不知人心去暴秦,天意归明主。项王足底踏汉土,席上相看浑未悟。”还有李仁港执导的电影《鸿门宴传奇》以及王宏剑创作的油画《楚汉相争——鸿门宴》等。
参考资料来源:百度百科——鸿门宴
“鸿门宴”这个故事发生公元前206年,陈胜吴广起义后,各地云起响应,其中有楚国贵族出身的项梁、项羽叔侄,有农民出身的刘邦。陈胜吴广起义失败后,项梁扶楚怀王的孙子名叫熊心的人作了楚王,刘邦也投靠了项梁。公元前207年,项梁战死,怀王派项羽等去救援被秦军围困的赵国,同时派刘邦领兵攻打函谷关。临行时,怀王与诸将约定,谁先入关,便封为关中王。
项羽大破秦军后,听说刘邦已出咸阳,非常恼火,就攻破函谷关,直抵新丰鸿门。这时刘邦的左司马曹无伤暗中派人告诉项羽说刘邦想在关中称王。项羽听了,更加恼怒,决定第二天发兵攻打刘邦。
张良向刘邦分析,不宜和项羽硬拼,刘邦只得退出咸阳,回师霸上,更知道自己军力不及于项羽四十万大军,刘邦更把在咸阳所得一切,原封不动的送到项羽营中,更说愿让项羽称关中王。范增已觉出刘邦必成大器,便命项羽设下“鸿门夜宴”,一心诛除刘邦,但此事为项伯知悉,项伯顾念和张良故人之情,向刘邦大军报讯。刘邦知道这鸿门宴是去不得的凶险之地,但张良却表示不去便只有死路一条,赴会也许能有生机,刘邦无奈只得应约前往。
鸿门宴当日,范增早已布下天罗地网,定要把刘邦人头留下,谁知刘邦竟以一跪化解了项羽之怨恨,范增便再命“项庄舞剑,意在沛公”,一心要在席中把刘邦刺死,可是还是被项伯和樊哙给刘邦解了围,刘邦终于更借往如厕而逃遁而去。
鸿门宴实际上原来是指:汉元年(前206)十二月,项羽率军至函谷关。见关门禁闭,又听说刘邦已平定关中,大怒。于是命令英布攻破函谷关,准备讨伐刘邦。此时项羽拥兵40万,号称百万,驻扎新丰鸿门(今陕西临潼东的项王营)。刘邦有兵10万,号称20万,安营霸上。谋士范增劝说项羽立即攻击刘邦。项羽的叔父项伯与张良素有交情,当夜策马至刘邦军中将范增的计谋密告张良,劝张良赶快逃避。张良马上将情况告诉刘邦。刘邦请项伯从中调解,项伯要求刘邦第二天到鸿门。随后,项伯连夜赶回鸿门,劝说项羽。项羽认为项伯所说有理。第二天早晨,刘邦亲自来见项羽,项羽设宴招待。席间,范增三次举起所佩玉玦,示意项羽杀掉刘邦,项羽犹豫不决。范增于是指示项羽堂弟项庄来席前舞剑助兴,意在击杀刘邦。项伯见此情况,也拨剑起舞,并经常用自己身躯保护刘邦。张良也离席去叫樊哙,樊哙携带剑盾闯入军门,指责项羽要杀有功之人。后刘邦借上厕所的机会,在樊哙等人的护卫人,由小路急忙返回霸上,得以脱身。 %D%A现在说鸿们宴多指的是居心不良的明着请人吃饭或者是给予好处 而实际上却在暗地里害人
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