表语
表语是说明主语身份，职业，性质，状态或特征的句子成分，表语be 后面的东西，一律可以看作表语。如：
He is in the office now. (in the office 不是状语）
He is sick today. (sick 不是状语；today 是状语。但可以将 sick today 统看为表语）
He is interested in all you said. (interested in all you said 是表语)
He will be away for a number of years. (away 不是状语；for a number of years 是状语。但可以将 away for a number of years 统看作表语 可做表语的词类和形式
1- 名词或代词
Sie is a nurse 她是护士。
It is mine.
2- 副词
Time is up
时间到了。
3- 形容词
Sie is charming
她好漂亮。
4.分词作表语
现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行
过去分词： 表示被动，已绮完成
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
5. look, seem, sound, taste, feel, smell.etc + adj ( 表语)
You look great.
It tastes bad.
当一个句子有了"主语＋动词"后，是可以表达一个完整、清楚的意义的，但是有时即使有了"主语＋动词"的结构，句义不清楚。如果这时我们补加一部分后，句义就清楚了。如果这时所补充的部分用来"说明主语"则称之为"表语"。eg. 1. I like 并不完整，写成I like English. 则完整了，但English是"宾语"而不是"表语"。2. We call her.（我们称呼她）这时虽"主、谓、宾"都有了句义仍不清楚。如果我们写成We call her Sister Li.（我们称呼她李大姐。）则句义完整了。这时Sister Li是用来补充、说明宾语的，是"宾语补足语"。这是为什么呢？宾语和宾补间有逻糭上的"主＋谓"关系，也就是说，如果我们假设用"宾语"作主语，可以和后面的部分组成一个句子，该句子所表达的意思和訽句相符合，这时我们写成She is Sister Li.（她是李大姐。）则与訽句的意思相符合，所以Sister Li是宾补。3. I shall give you.（我将给你）句义不完整，如果我们写成I shall give you a dog.（我将给你一只狗。）则句义完整了。但a dog不是"宾补"，而是"直接宾语"，you是"间接宾语"。这是因为我们假设用you作主语和dog组成一句话则为You are a dog.（你是只狗。）与訽句所要表达的意思，"我将给你一只狗"不符合。4. He is（他是）虽有了"主语＋动词"的结构，但句义不完整，如果写成He is a student.（他是个学生。）则句义完整了。这时student则是"表语"，在本句中说明主语（He）的身份。5. She looks（她看上去）虽有了"主语＋动词"的结构但句义不完整，如果写成She looks very happy.（她看上去很高兴。）则句义完整了。这时happy则是表语，在本句中说明主语（She）所处的状态。6. The boy is（这男孩是）虽有了"主语＋动词"的结构但句义不完整，如果写成The boy is very fat.（这男孩很胖。）则句义完整了。这时fat是表语，在本句中说明主语（The boy）的特征。用来作表语的可有：（1）名词eg. 1）My father is a teacher. 2）She is my sister.（2）代词eg. 1）That's something we have always to keep in mind.2）It can turns anything you want to.（3）数词eg. 1）She is the first to learn about it.2）Two and two is four.（4）形容词eg. 1）Are you ready?2）She is angry.（5）分词eg. 1）The cup is broken.2）The news is exciting.（6）动名词eg. 1）Her job is teaching. 2）What I like best is reading.（7）不定式eg. 1）What we should do now is to help him.2）What you must do now is to work hard.（8）副词eg. 1）What is on tonight?2）The light is out.（9）介词短语eg. 1）We are of the same opinion. 2）They are against me.（10）从句eg. 1）My idea is that we should stick to our plan. 2）He is angry. That is because you are too careless.3）It looks as if is going to rain.4）This is where you are wrong.5）The reason why he has made such great progress is that he works very hard.6）It sounds as if he were always right.当我们用一个句子作表语时，我们则称之为"表语从句"。
