地磁感应法的原理是什么?

2025-04-05 14:49:57
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

地磁感应法最典型的应用就是北宋《武经总要》所记述的制指南鱼法。这个关于地磁的感应法,是世界上人工磁化方法的最早实践。

这一方法的原理是:首先把铁叶鱼烧红,让铁鱼内部的分子能动增加,从而使分子磁畴从原先的固定状态变为运动状态。

其次,铁鱼入水冷却时必须取南北方向,这时铁鱼就被磁化了。现在分析起来是很有道理的。因为这样使鱼更加接近地磁场方向,最大限度地利用地磁感应。由此可见,古人在那时就已经意识到地磁倾角的存在。

再次,“蘸水盆中,没尾数分则止”,使它迅速冷却,把分子磁畴的规则排列固定下来,同时也是淬火过程。

最后,指南鱼不用时要放在一个铁制的密闭盒中,以形成闭合磁路,避免失磁,或者顺着一定方向放在天然磁石旁边,继续磁化。

这种磁化法完全是凭经验得来的,但是它是磁学和地磁学发展的重要一环,比欧洲用同样磁化方法早了400多年。

指南鱼

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