推荐回答(5个)
启蒙和愚昧分属传统和非传统。认取启蒙和承袭愚昧分别是两种不同的现实活动。而现实活动在形态上可分为政治、经济、社会、教育、思想、学术、舆论等方面。无论认取启蒙还是承袭愚昧都必须诉诸现实的活动才能见出胜负强弱消长的态势。这就是说,文化上的问题必须通过现实的活动才能得到解决,反之则无解决的可能性。现实的问题需借现实的活动解决之,运用文化的方法于事无补。
布鲁诺认为是宗教愚昧了人们的思想,阻碍了科学和哲学的发展。对宗教的弊端与危害深恶痛绝,对各级僧侣恨之入骨。他甚至疾呼:不仅有必要把教会财产收归国有,消灭教会经济势力,停建教堂,关闭修道院,而且还应剥夺僧侣特权,迫使他们从事社会公益劳动。
人们一思索,上帝就发笑 (米兰·昆德拉)
为什么人们一思索,上帝就发笑呢?因为人们愈思索,真理离他愈远。人们愈思索,人与人之间的思想距离就愈远。因为人从来就跟他想象中的自己不一样。当人们从中世纪迈入现代社会的门槛,他终于看到自己的真面目:堂.吉诃德左思右想,他的仆役桑丘也左思右想。他们不但末曾看透世界,连自身都无法看清。
。十九世纪蒸汽机问世时,黑格尔坚信他已经掌握了世界历史的精神。但是福楼拜却在大谈人类的愚昧。我认为那是十九世纪思想界最伟大的创见。
当然,早在福楼拜之前,人们就知道愚昧。但是由于知识贫乏和教育不足,这里是有差别的。在福楼拜的小说里,愚昧是人类与生俱来的。可怜的爱玛,无论是热恋还是死亡,都跟愚昧结了不解之缘。爱玛死后,郝麦跟布尔尼贤的对话真是愚不可及,好象那场丧礼上的演说。最使人惊讶的是福楼拜他自己对愚昧的看法。他认为科技昌明、社会进步并没有消灭愚昧,愚昧反而跟随社会进步一起成长!
福楼拜着意收集一些流行用语,一般人常用来炫耀自己的醒目和跟得上潮流 。他把这些流行用语编成一本辞典。我们可以从这本辞典里领悟到:“现代化的愚蠢并不是无知,而是对各种思潮生吞活剥。”福楼拜的独到之见对末来世界的影响,比弗洛伊德的学说还要深远。我们可以想象,这个世界可以没有弗洛伊德的心理分析学说。但是不能没有抗拒各种泛滥思潮的能力。这些洪水般的思潮输入电脑,借助于大众传播媒介,恐怕会凝聚成一股粉碎独立思想和个人创见的势力。这股势力足以窒息欧洲文明。
每个人都很愚昧
年龄越大越愚昧
因为他们依仗着年龄大而自以为是,认为自己是对的
看不到自己的愚昧
虽然经验知识多一些
但依旧改变不了愚昧的本质
自以为是是最大的愚昧
人不是愚昧..是还未觉醒...
当他们知道自己该做什么..有什么目标时..就不在愚昧
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