葡萄酒为什么要用橡木桶贮藏?

2024-12-19 04:36:53
推荐回答(3个)
回答(1):

  橡木桶的通透性可保证葡萄酒的控制性氧化成熟。在葡萄酒成熟的过程中,适度氧化是必须的,适量的氧使单宁和色素缓慢氧化,使葡萄酒颜色由鲜红色逐渐变为宝石红色,同时葡萄酒的苦涩味和粗糙感逐渐减少、消失[3]。氧本身不能透过湿的木板进入葡萄酒中,因为它首先要与木板内的可氧化底物相遇,包括渗入桶板细胞内的葡萄酒,这些氧化底物往往是多聚体,分子质量巨大,使氧难于向木板内部的酒中扩散。葡萄酒在小的容器中贮存,其发育成熟的速度更快,在不锈钢大罐中贮存比在木桶中贮存吸收氧的速度要慢。向木桶中添酒、倒桶以及其他处理会将氧带入葡萄酒中。
  在橡木桶中,葡萄酒的香气发育良好,并且变得馥郁,橡木桶可赋予葡萄酒很多特有的物质,从而改善葡萄酒质量[7,8]。香气是木桶贮存葡萄酒的重要质量指标,葡萄酒中常见的橡木香气有12种,包括橡木香气、烘烤味、烟熏味、甘草香气、绿木味、椰子香气、丁香香气、香子兰荚果香气等[9]。由橡木桶进入葡萄酒中的香味物质主要包括橡木内脂、丁子香酚、香草醛、愈创木酚等[7]。这些呈香物质进入葡萄酒中的量与橡木的种类、烘烤程度及桶的新旧和贮酒时间长短有关,从而使得葡萄酒的香气更加复杂。另外由于橡木单宁的溶解提高了葡萄酒中单宁的缩合程度,葡萄酒的涩味下降,口感柔和,颜色变暗,更趋稳定,同时由于橡木多糖的介入,也明显提高了葡萄酒的肥硕感。新橡木桶在第一年的贮酒过程中会使葡萄酒增加200 mg/L的单宁[10]。
  橡木桶贮酒还有利于新酒中二氧化碳气体的排除和酒的自然澄清,因为较小的容器容易使酒自然澄清,装在不锈钢大罐中葡萄酒的自然澄清要比在橡木桶中慢得多[7,10]。大多数红葡萄酒可以在橡木桶中陈酿成熟,只有少数具有香草特征的白葡萄酒(如霞多丽、索味浓、赛美蓉等)允许在橡木桶中成熟。

回答(2):

橡木本身含“单宁酸”,可快速催酒成熟,短时间内使酒变得更加香醇。

回答(3):

橡木桶储酒是葡萄酒文化的重要组成部分。橡木桶储酒的历史非常悠久,至今己有几千年的历史,世界著名的轩尼诗、马爹利、拿破仑、人头马等都是使用橡木桶陈酿而成。而世界闻名的波尔多葡萄酒,更是把橡木桶的使用发挥到了极致。
橡木桶对葡萄酒的风味有重要的影响。在橡木桶中陈酿过的葡萄酒,会变得更加柔和细腻,口感更丰富,这是因为橡木桶特殊的木质结构带来的,氧气可以透过木桶的微孔进入到葡萄酒里,使之发生有益的氧化反应,从来改变了葡萄酒的生涩感。同时,采用不同树种和不同工艺加工的橡木桶,还为葡萄酒添加香草、可可、咖啡等多种的怡人香气。此外,经过烘烤的橡木还会加深葡萄酒的色度,使之变得更加愉悦。
由于橡木桶贮存过的葡萄酒的优雅品性日益得到消费者的认可和喜爱,橡木桶便越来越受到世界各地的酿酒师、尤其是葡萄酒新世界国家酿酒师的青睐。

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