英语就近原则有哪些

也称“邻近原则”，“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
1.在正式文体中：
　　 由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…butalso" ; 等。
　　e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
　　②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
　　③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
　　④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。
　　2） 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
　　e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
　　②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
2. 非正式文体中：
　　有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。
　　e.g. ①Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。（非正式）
　　②Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）
　　但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
　　No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。

就近原则：
1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.
=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.
2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.
3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.
= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.
= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.

常见的有
there be 结构，
here be,
not only ... but also ... ,
either ... or ... ;
neither ... nor