急!!!求翻译!!!

2025-02-28 00:41:31
推荐回答(2个)
回答(1):

张奂,字然明,时敦煌渊泉人,父亲张惇,任汉阳郡太守。张奂年轻时到三辅地区游学,拜太尉朱宠为师,后来被征召到大将军梁冀幕府任职,因病辞职。又被推举为贤良,对策获得第一名,被提拔担任为议郎之职。
永寿元年,张奂被调任安定属国都尉。刚刚到职,南匈奴且渠伯德等七千余人起兵进攻美稷,东羌也出兵响应。但张奂营垒中只有二百人左右,张奂听到消息就马上带领军队出击,军吏认为自己的力量敌不过对方,叩头争相阻止他。张奂不听,便率兵前进驻扎到长城。这时他召集兵士;并派遣将领王卫前去招降东羌。于是占据龟兹,使南匈奴不能与东羌沟通,各路豪强相继和张奂示好亲近,同汉军共同攻打南匈奴叛军,连续作战不断取得胜利。且渠伯德十分害怕,便率众向张奂投降,这样郡内才得以安宁。东羌首领感激张奂的恩德,献上二十匹马,先零羌首领也送来八件金制器物,张奂都接受了,然后便命主簿召集羌族各部前来,他举起酒杯将酒倒在地上说:“即使马像羊一样多,我也不会把它收入马厩;即使金器像谷粒一样多,也不会把它收入怀中。”把金、马全都还给他们。羌人生性贪婪而看重官吏的清廉。张奂端正自身,廉洁品行,恩威和教化得以广泛推行。
朝廷调张奂担任使匈奴中郎将。休屠各与乌桓一起反叛,汉军非常惊恐,都想逃跑。张奂安坐帐中,若无其事地与弟子讲诵学问,军士们渐渐安定下来。于是他私下里诱降乌桓使它暗中和自己通好,然后让乌桓斩杀了休屠各这个部落的首领,袭击并打败了他们的军队。延熹二年,梁冀被杀,张奂因为是梁府故吏被免官禁锢。在家四年后,又被任命为武威郡太守。张奂平均分配赋税和徭役,集合并安抚散乱的败兵,经常是各郡最好的,河西因此得以保全。那地方的风俗有很多妖邪的禁忌,凡是二月份、五月份生下的孩子以及与父母同月份出生的孩子,全都杀死。张奂拿仁义的道理教导他们,严格赏罚制度,风俗就得到了改变,百姓为他建立了生祠。九年春,又调任大司农。鲜卑人听说张奂调离,便攻掠沿边九郡,杀掠百姓,沿边深受其害。朝廷很担心这件事,又任命张奂担任护匈奴中郎将,赏赐很丰厚。匈奴和乌桓听说张奂到来,就相继投降,共二十万人。张奂只诛杀了其中的罪魁祸首,对其余的人都安抚收容了他们。惟独鲜卑率众退走出塞。
张奂年轻时立下志向,曾对朋友说:“大丈夫处世,一定要为国家在边境立功。”到后来成为将帅,果然有功勋。董卓仰慕他,让自己的哥哥赠张奂一百匹缣。张奂厌恶董卓的为人,拒绝而不接受。光和四年去世,终年七十八岁。

回答(2):

张奂字然明,敦煌渊泉人也。父惇,为汉阳太守。奂少游三辅,师事大尉朱宠,后辟大 将军梁冀府,以疾去官。复举贤良,对策第一,权拜议郎

张奂字然明,敦煌郡渊泉县人。父亲张惇,为汉阳太守。
张奂年轻时游学三辅,以太尉朱宠为师,学《欧阳尚书》。后来征召大将军梁冀府,因病去官,再被推举贤良,皇上问策,对答第一,升为议郎。

永寿元年(155),调安定属国都尉。刚刚到职,南匈奴左..革建台省、且渠伯德等七千多人侵扰美稷,东羌也再次全种响应他们,张奂阵地仅有二百多人,听到警报就率兵而出。军吏认为力量不及敌人,叩头阻止,张奂不听,进驻长城,收集兵士,派将王卫招诱东羌,因此占据龟兹,使南匈奴不能与东羌取得联络。各部首领相率与张奂和好,一起攻击..革建等部,连续几次战役,打败了..革建等部。伯德害怕了,率领他们的部众投降,郡界得以安宁。羌大帅感激张奂的恩德,送上马二十匹,先零酋长又送金餎八枚。张奂都接受了,却把主簿叫到各羌面前,用酒浇地说:“使马如羊,不以入厩;使金如粟,不以入怀。”把全部金马送还了大帅和酋长。羌人性贪,但对清廉的官吏最尊敬,以前八都尉都好财货,为他们所苦,张奂正身洁己,于是威德大行。升使匈奴中郎将。这时休屠各及朔方乌桓同时反叛,军队大恐,都想逃跑。张奂安然坐在帷中,与弟子讲诵自如,部属才稍稍安定下来。于是暗暗地引诱乌桓与他和好,使斩杀休屠各大帅,突然袭击,打败他们
延熹二年,梁冀被诛,张奂因为是梁冀的部属,被免官,并且禁止做官。在家里住了四年,又任命为武威太守。平均老百姓的负担,统率训练逃散的军民,是各郡做得最好的。河西因此保全。河西的风俗多妖怪禁忌,凡是二月、五月生的儿子以及与父母同月生的,都要杀掉。张奂教以做父母的责任,赏罚严明,风俗因此改变了,百姓为他立生祠。

九年(166)的春天,征召任为大司农。鲜卑听到张奂调动了,这年夏天,敌兵侵扰掳掠缘边九郡,杀害劫掠百姓。秋天,鲜卑又率领八九千骑兵侵入塞内,边境一带大受祸害。朝廷以为忧患。再命张奂为护匈奴中郎将,赏赐很多。匈奴、乌桓听见张奂来了,相率回来,投降的共二十万人。张奂只杀了罪大恶极的,其余的人都抚慰接纳了他们。只有鲜卑去了塞外。
张奂年轻时立志。曾经与朋友们说:“大丈夫处世,应当为国家立功边境。”后来为将帅,真有功名。董卓羡慕他,派他的哥哥送缣百匹给张奂。张奂厌恶董卓的为人,拒绝不受。

光和四年(181)逝世,年七十八。

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