怎么看先行词在定语从句中做状语,还是做主语或宾语,进而判断用关系副词还是关系代词呢?急求答案,希...
推荐回答(4个)
关系代词有:
修饰人:who(在句中作主语或宾语)、that(在句中作主语或宾语)、whom(只在句中作
宾语)、whose(在句中作定语,表示“……的”,后接名词)
修饰物:which(在句中作主语或宾语)、that(在句中作主语或宾语)、whose(在句中作定
语,表示“……的”,后接名词)
注意:这些词作宾语时均可省略,作主语时不可省略。
关系副词有:where(表示地点)、when(表示时间)、why(表示原因)
二、要明确知道定语从句中,先行词的定义。
所谓的先行词,指的就是被修饰限制的词。一般来说先行词指的就是句中关系代词或关系副词 前面的名词。
例如:第一句中关系词前的名词就是a situation ,所以它就是先行词;第二句中any shops是关
系词前的名词,所以它是先行词;而第三句中的先行词就为a girl。
三、判定先行词在句中的成分,也就是判定关系词在句中的成分。
需要了解:修饰人:who(在句中作主语或宾语)、that(在句中作主语或宾语)、whom(只在句中作宾语)、whose(在句中作定语,表示“……的”,后接名词)
修饰物:which(在句中作主语或宾语)、that(在句中作主语或宾语)、whose(在
句中作定语,表示“……的”,后接名词)
注:宾语:一般是动词后面跟的名词就叫做宾语。如:I love you. love是动词,you就是宾语。
关系副词有:where(表示地点)、when(表示时间)、why(表示原因)
1. Can you think of a situation ( where )this word can be used?
句意为:你能够想出这个词被使用的语境吗?也就是填哪里,where作的就是地点状语。
在这句中,主句是Can you think of a situation ,a situation 是先行词。
定语从句是this word can be used,主语是this word,谓语是can be used。因为this word can be used(in)a situation。不能相连,缺了一个介词。in which=where,所以做地点状语。
2.Do you know any shops nearby ( which/that ) can buy flowers?
先行词为any shops,指物,定语从句为:()can buy flowers,很明显,这句话中没有主语,所以()应该填表示“物的主语”的关系词,答案可为which/that。
3. On the train I saw a girl ( whom/ who/that ) I thought was your sister.
先行词为a girl。指人,定语从句为( ) I thought was your sister. 意思为:我认为()是你姐姐。主语是I,谓语是thought,缺了宾语。所以填表示“指物作宾语的关系词”,因此为whom/who/that。
希望可以帮到你。(*^__^*) !
定语从句中先行词可以是名词,介词短语关键是看从句中缺少什么成分(一个完整的句子要有主谓宾或主谓,在满足上述成分时,在看状语成分(时间、地点等),从而判断先行词做关系副词还是关系代词。For example
1、I like the shop where I used to buy delicious food .(在这里shop作关系副词,因为从句主谓宾齐全,所以缺少状语,可想而知是地点状语)
2、I like the building that was built last year (在这里building作关系代词,因为从句缺少主语,所以that指代the building )
把先行词放进定语从句中去看,如:I still remember the day ______we stayed together.
把先行词day放入定语从句“______we stayed together”中,你就会发现,day不可能直接和该句组成一个完整的句子,也就是说改定从缺的不仅是day,而且少了介词on,完整的应是“we stayed together on the day.”,我们不难发现,day 和on在一起是做时间状语的,即如你所说,先行词在定从中做状语,所以,定从应用when引导;
又如:I still remember the day ______ we spent together. 你把day 放入定从会发现,直接就是一个完整的句子,即:"we spent the day together.",很显然,day这里是做宾语的,所以定从应用which/ that引导。
其他情况可以以此类推。
首先,你要知道哪个是先行词,然后通读全句,整体把握,翻译成汉语,用汉语的方式来看先行次做的是什么成分。最后,根据定语从句的语法来选用关系代词还是关系副词。比如我干了什么事,修饰我,我是主语,用Who,我和他干了什么事,修饰他,他做宾语,用Whom……什么时间啦,地点啦,为什么,怎么办啦……都是状语,用关系副词。建议你还是多看看课本……
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