设x年前,父亲年龄是小明的5倍. 40 - x = 5(12 - x) 40 - x = 60 - 5x 5x - x = 60 - 40 4x = 20 x = 20 ÷ 4 x = 5 答:5年前父亲年龄是小明的5倍.