什么是物理及机械防治?常用的方法有哪些?

2025-04-07 13:28:09
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

物理及机械防治是应用光、热、电、温度、气调振荡和辐射等物理因素,以及这些器械防治病虫害的方法。

目前常用的方法有以下几种:

(1)用特制灯诱杀害虫

鳞翅目的蛾类、同翅目的蝉类、鞘翅目的金龟子等,均有较强的趋光性。果园可设置诱虫灯,诱杀多种果树害虫,把其为害控制在经济损失水平以下。如河南汤阴佳多科工贸公司生产的佳多频振式杀虫灯,在技术上克服了传统产品的一些弱点,利用害虫有较强的趋光、波、色、味的特性,将光波设在特定的范围内(光波长320~400纳米),近距离用光,远距离用波,加以色和味,引诱成虫扑灯,灯外配以频振高压电网触杀,使害虫落袋,从而降低田园落卵量,压缩虫口基数。经各地推广应用,已取得显著的经济、生态和社会效益。

(2)用诱饵毒杀害虫

梨小食心虫、金龟子和卷叶蛾等,对糖醋液有明显的趋性。可配制糖醋毒液(适量杀虫剂、糖6份、醋3份、酒1份、水10份),在其发生期进行诱杀。用碗制成诱杀器挂于树上,每天捡出虫尸,并加足糖醋液。每667米2挂7~8个诱杀器。

(3)诱集消灭越冬害虫

利用害虫如二斑叶螨、山楂叶螨、梨小食心虫和梨星毛虫等在树皮裂缝中越冬的习性,在树干上束捆干草、破布和废报纸等物,诱集害虫进入其中越冬。到来年害虫出蛰前,将其集中消灭。

(4)树干涂白

树干涂白,可预防日烧和冻裂,延迟萌芽和开花期,并可兼治枝干病虫害。涂白剂的配方为:生石灰∶食盐∶大豆汁∶水=12∶2∶0.5∶36。

(5)其他物理防治手段

人工或机械捕杀、光谱杀菌、色板诱蚜、银灰色薄膜避蚜、通风降湿控病、土壤热力消毒、套袋防治、阻隔法防治、温汤浸种消毒、低温炼苗、利用太阳能高温消毒和冬季低温杀死病菌和虫卵等,都是可以作为防治相应病虫害的有效手段。

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