Leptospirosis 是影响人和动物的一种细菌疾病。它由类 Leptospira 的细菌造成。在人它导致症状的范围广, 并且有些被传 染的人不也许有症状根本。Leptospirosis 症状包括高热病, 严厉 头疼, 冷颤, 肌肉疼痛, 和呕吐, 和也许包括黄疸(黄色皮肤和眼睛 ), 红色眼睛, 胃肠痛苦, 腹泻, 或疹。如果这种疾病不被对待, 这名患者能开发肾脏损伤, 脑膜炎(膜的炎症在脑子和脊髓附近), 肝脏失败, 和呼吸困厄。在罕见案件死亡发生。许多这些症状可能 被误认为其它疾病。Leptospirosis 由实验室试验证实血液或尿样 品。什么是症状与这diease 交往leptospirosis 的临床标志变化和 是未指明的。有时宠物没有任何症状。共同临床标志报告在狗包括 热病, 呕吐, 胃肠痛苦, 腹泻, 拒绝吃, 严厉弱点和消沉, 僵硬, 严厉肌肉痛苦, 或无能有小狗。通常比较幼小的动物比比较旧的动 物是严重受影响的。人们怎么得到leptospirosis? Leptospirosis 爆发由对水的暴露通常造成沾染与被传染的动物尿 。许多种不同的动物运载细菌; 他们不也许变得病但有时有症状。 Leptospira 有机体被发现在牛, 猪, 马, 狗, 啮齿目动物, 和野 生动物。人成为传染经由联络与水, 食物, 或土壤包含尿从这些被 传染的动物。这也许发生由吞下污染的食物或水或经由皮肤联络, 特别是与黏膜表面, 譬如眼睛或鼻子, 或与残破的皮肤。这种疾病 不为人所知被传播从人到人。多久是它在曝光的时间之间和何时居 于变得病? 时间在对一个污染的来源的一person's 暴露和变得 之间病态的是2 天到4 个星期。病症从热病和其它症状突然通常开 始。Leptospirosis 也许发生在二个阶段内; 在第一个阶段以后, 与热病, 冷颤, 头疼, 肌肉疼痛, 呕吐, 或腹泻, 这名患者也许恢 复一度但再变得不适。如果第二个阶段发生, 它比较严厉; 这个人 也许有肾脏或肝脏失败或脑膜炎。这个阶段并且叫做Weil's 疾 病。病症持续从几天对3 个星期或长期。没有治疗, 补救也许需要 几个月。它怎么可能被对待? Leptospirosis 被对待与抗生素, 譬 如doxycycline 或青霉素, 应该及早给在这种疾病行程中。静脉内 抗生素也许被要求为人与比较严厉的症状。人与症状暗示 leptospirosis 应该与健康保险提供者联系。怎么可能它被防止风 险获取leptospirosis 可能被不游泳或不趟过很大减少在也许被沾 染与动物尿的水中。防护服装或鞋类应该由这些佩带暴露于污染的 水或土壤由于他们的工作或消遣活动。
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What is leptospirosis?
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. In humans it causes a wide range of symptoms, and some infected persons may have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of leptospirosis include high fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, and vomiting, and may include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or a rash. If the disease is not treated, the patient could develop kidney damage, meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord), liver failure, and respiratory distress. In rare cases death occurs.
Many of these symptoms can be mistaken for other diseases. Leptospirosis is confirmed by laboratory testing of a blood or urine sample.
what are the symptoms associated with this diease
The clinical signs of leptospirosis vary and are nonspecific. Sometimes pets do not have any symptoms. Common clinical signs reported in dogs include fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, refusal to eat, severe weakness and depression, stiffness, severe muscle pain, or inability to have puppies. Generally younger animals are more seriously affected than older animals.
How do people get leptospirosis?
Outbreaks of leptospirosis are usually caused by exposure to water contaminated with the urine of infected animals. Many different kinds of animals carry the bacterium; they may become sick but sometimes have no symptoms. Leptospira organisms have been found in cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, rodents, and wild animals. Humans become infected through contact with water, food, or soil containing urine from these infected animals. This may happen by swallowing contaminated food or water or through skin contact, especially with mucosal surfaces, such as the eyes or nose, or with broken skin. The disease is not known to be spread from person to person.
How long is it between the time of exposure and when people become sick?
The time between a person's exposure to a contaminated source and becoming sick is 2 days to 4 weeks. Illness usually begins abruptly with fever and other symptoms. Leptospirosis may occur in two phases; after the first phase, with fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, or diarrhea, the patient may recover for a time but become ill again. If a second phase occurs, it is more severe; the person may have kidney or liver failure or meningitis. This phase is also called Weil's disease.
The illness lasts from a few days to 3 weeks or longer. Without treatment, recovery may take several months.
how can it be treated ?
Leptospirosis is treated with antibiotics, such as doxycycline or penicillin, which should be given early in the course of the disease. Intravenous antibiotics may be required for persons with more severe symptoms. Persons with symptoms suggestive of leptospirosis should contact a
health care provider.
how can it be prevented
The risk of acquiring leptospirosis can be greatly reduced by not swimming or wading in water that might be contaminated with animal urine.
Protective clothing or footwear should be worn by those exposed to contaminated water or soil because of their job or recreational activities.
钩端螺旋体病 钩端螺旋体病也称细螺旋体病。对狗致病的是出血性黄疸螺旋体和犬钩端螺旋体两个血清型。用镀银法和姬姆萨染色，可很好的显示菌体呈螺旋状，其一端或两端弯转成钩。一般的消毒方法均可迅速致死本菌。
传染性出血黄疸 是由出血性黄疸钩端螺旋体引起的，主要侵犯幼犬。狗发病是由于吞吃了病鼠，或者是于口、眼粘膜接触了被病鼠尿沾污的水而被感染。
症状：病初发热、虚弱、食欲不振、有呕吐。一周后，皮肤、粘膜黄染，并见出血，几天后死亡。通过血、尿及内脏的细菌学检查可诊断。
犬伤寒 是由犬型钩端螺旋体引起的，主要发生于较老的狗，有时呈瘟疫流行。病狗的排泄物（特别是尿）污染水源或器物，通过易感狗的粘膜和受伤的皮肤感染。
症状：发烧、渴，腹泻带血，口中有尿臭味，少尿或无尿，尿中蛋白质含量达0.2％、尿素量增多，尿沉渣中有肾上皮及管型。慢性尚见感觉迟钝，甚至昏睡。颊、唇、舌、齿龈等处皮肤和粘膜上可见溃疡、肠痉挛、腹痛等。
治疗：隔离病犬，用链霉素、土霉素、四环素等抗生素结合对症治疗－补充维生素C、静注葡萄糖和强心利尿。犬舍、用具彻底消毒。
Hook end spirochetosis hook end spirochetosis also calls the thin spirochetosis. To the dog pathogenesis is the hemorrhagic yellow helicoid and the dog hook end helicoid two blood serums. Dyes with the silver-plating law and Ji Musa, may the very good demonstration mycelium assume spiral-shaped, its end or the beginnings and ends curved transfer the hook. The general disinfection method may rapidly send the idle capital fungus.
The infection bleeds Huang Dan is the end helicoid causes by hemorrhagic Huang Dangou, mainly encroaches upon the young dog. The dog is taken bad is because has gobbled up sickness mouse, or was Yu Kou, the eye mucous membrane contacts has been gotten sick the water which the mouse urine tarnished but to infect.
Symptom: Gets sick initially gives off heat, is weak, has a poor appetite, has vomits. After a week, the skin, the mucous membrane yellow dye, and sees the hemorrhage, after several days died. Through the blood, the urine and the internal organs bacterium study inspection may diagnose.
Dog typhus is causes by the dog hook end helicoid, mainly has Yu Jiaolao dog, sometimes assumes plague to be popular. Sickness dog's excreta (is specially urine) pollutes the water source or the utensil, and is injured the skin infection through Yi Gangou mucous membrane.
Symptom: Has a fever, is thirsty, the diarrhea belt blood, in the mouth has the urine fetid odor, the few urines or do not have the urine, in the urine the protein content reach 0.2%, the urea quantity increase, urinate in the slime to have the kidney epidermis and to cast. Chronic Shang Jian felt slowly, even lethargic sleep. Cheek, lip, tongue, gums and so on place on skin and mucous membrane obviously ulcer, intestines convulsion, abdominal pain and so on.
Treatment: The isolation sickness dog, with chain antibiotic and so on mildew element, terramycin, tetracyclin unifies just right for the illness treatment - supplement Vitamin C, the static note glucose and the strong heart diuresis. Dog shed, apparatus thorough disinfection.
1细螺旋体病
2脾脏,黄疸,肾变大.
3.皮肤眼睛的伤口或粘膜的接触,被动物的排泄物污染的水.
4?
5.
6?减少对水接触(游泳等)或对身体部位穿上防护.
Leptospirosis (also known as Weil's disease, canicola fever, canefield fever, nanukayami fever or 7-day fever) is a bacterial disease caused by spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira that affects humans and a wide range of animals, including mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. It was first described by Adolph Weil in 1886 when he reported an "acute infectious disease with enlargement of spleen, jaundice and nephritis". The pathogen, Leptospira-genus bacteria was isolated in 1907 from post mortem renal tissue slice. Though being recognised among the world's most common zoonosis, leptospirosis is a relatively rare bacterial infection in humans. The infection is commonly transmitted to humans by allowing fresh water that has been contaminated by animal urine to come in contact with unhealed breaks in the skin, eyes or with the mucous membranes.
Leptospirosis Prevention
Avoid areas of stagnant water, especially in tropical climates. If you are exposed to a high risk area, taking doxycycline may decrease your risk of developing disease.
Leptospirosis Symptoms & Signs
Incubation period of 2 to 26 days (average 10 days)
Abrupt onset of fever, rigors, myalgias, and headache in 75 to 100% of patients
Dry cough (25-35% of cases)
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (50% of cases)
Less common symptoms include joint aches, bone pain, sore throat, and abdominal pain
Conjunctivitis
Approximately 7 to 40% of patients may have muscle tenderness, an enlarged spleen or liver, enlarged lymph glands, sore throat, muscle rigidity, abnormal lung sounds, or skin rash
就翻译吗?
1什么是细螺旋体病 ?
2这种病有什么症状?
3人们怎么会生这种病的?
4这种病的潜伏期要多长时间?它应该怎么治疗?
5人们应该怎样预防?
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