苏东坡熟读成诵的故事,给你什么启发?除此之外还能够举出一些事例来吗?

2024-11-20 01:19:01
推荐回答(1个)
回答(1):

  传统的语文学习很重视背诵。才高八斗的曹植,10岁左右,便能背诵诗赋十余万言;汉代杰出的女文学家蔡文姬,年轻时能背诵其父蔡邕的四百多篇作品;唐代大诗人杜甫也“群书万卷常暗诵”;蜚声文坛的巴金,小时候也背了许多书,在背得很熟的几部书中间有一部《古文观止》,这是两百多篇的散文选集;著名作家李准也说:“《古文观止》我基本都能背,中国的诗、词和民歌我能背七八百首”。无数人学习语文的实践证明,背诵对学习语文具有十分重要的价值。

  熟读成诵是积累语言材料、生成语文素质的不二法门,要学好语文必须积累大量典范、精美的语言材料。“风之积也不厚,则其负大翼也无力;水之积也不厚,则其负大舟也无力”(《庄子》)。胸藏万卷气自豪,积累多才可在此基础上建造语文的高楼大厦。熟读背诵那些千锤百炼、脍炙人口的名家名篇,可逐步积累语言材料,并可在消化、吸收的基础上,不断转化为读写能力。许多学生对作文深感头痛,背诵则是医治此病的良方。唐代文学家韩愈曾说:“人之能为文,由腹有诗书。”春蚕饱食桑叶,才能吐雪白的丝;蜜蜂广采花粉,才能酿出香甜的蜜。清人唐彪在《读书作文谱·卷五》中也说:“文章读之极熟,则与我为化,不知是人之文,我之文也。作文时,吾意所欲言,无不随吾所欲,应笔而出,如泉之涌,滔滔不绝。”熟读成诵,消化吸收,作文时则意到笔随,文思泉涌,笔底生花,称心如意。巴金也说:“读多了,读熟了,常常可以顺口背出来,也就慢慢体会到它们的好处,也就慢慢摸到文章的调子”(《赞歌集·谈我的散文》)。

  熟读成诵是积淀语感的必由之路。我国具有五千年文明史,在长期的语文实践中积累了极其丰富而宝贵的经验,值得我们吸取和借鉴;夏丏尊、叶圣陶、吕叔湘、张志公等教育家的丰厚教育理论我们应该学习和研究。古今许多教育家都强调语文学习要重视语感的积淀,从而形成对语言敏锐的感受能力。要形成正确、敏锐的语感,须熟读、背诵大量语言典范的作品,让正确的语言范式反复刺激大脑,从而形成毋须经过逻辑推理便能准确理解判断的语言直觉能力。研究证明,在含英咀华、熟读成诵中能有效地积淀语感。

  熟读成诵能加深理解。三国时的学问家董遇有句名言:“读书百遍,其义自见”;宋代大文学家苏东坡有诗曰:“旧书不厌百回读,熟读深思子自知”;宋代大学者朱熹也说:“读得熟,则不待解说自晓其义也”(《训学斋规》)。

  熟读成诵锻炼了记忆。在熟读成诵的过程中,记忆力得到很好的锻炼。背诵是记忆的体操。

  总之,储备丰富的语言材料是提高语文素养的必要条件,也是提高思维能力和智能活动水平的基础。中学时代又是人一生中记忆力最佳的“黄金时代”,应抓紧时间,多读多背。语文教材要求背诵的,要不折不扣地熟读成诵。此外,还可适当增加背诵内容,主要背诵名家名篇。优秀的诗词、精短的文章可以全背,较长的好文章可以背诵精彩的片断;好的文言文要多背一些,叶百丰先生甚至主张“凡是选入课本中的文言文,篇幅不太长的,均要熟读成诵,背诵全篇”(《熟读成诵》)。多背诵多积累终身受用。

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