数控车床如何区分前刀架和后刀架,那普车的刀架属于前刀架还是后刀架?前刀架是外圆用G42还是内圆用?
推荐回答(4个)
不论是数控车还是普车,刀架在加工者一的侧就是前置的,反之就是后置的,也不论是后置还是前置,加工时用半径补偿时都是根据后置来判定的,外圆用G42,里孔用G41。
下面是我所总结的对机床的认识,仅供参考。
首先,要有一个概念。笛卡尔直角坐标系肯定是XYZ三轴。数控车床、车削中心省略Y轴,而车铣复合就有Y轴(卧式车床的话Y轴是上下方向)。言归正传:车床前置刀架一般是四方刀架(也有转塔刀架的),普车也属于这一种。四方刀架的特点是绕Y轴转动,可以装夹很长很长的镗杆。但转动的误差将1:1全部复映到加工工件上,最要命的是Z向长度。而后置刀架一般绕Z轴转动,可有效消除刀具的定位误差对加工工件的影响。
要用刀具补偿,那肯定要先确定编程轮廓。编程的轮廓肯定是编程平面(ZX平面)外的第三轴(Y轴)从正往负的方向指向的编程平面。伸出右手:前置刀架车床的Y轴正向在下负向在上,编程时坐标系是需要仰视的,而编的程序投影下来就是图纸上的上轮廓。【所以前置刀架车床的半径补偿,圆弧插补都是反的。因为我们从上往下看,看的方向反了。】多说一句,反正不管前置刀架还是后置刀架的车床,编程时只编图纸的上轮廓,一直假设车刀是在图纸的上轮廓走的。【前提是图纸的工件方向与车床上工件方向一致】
这里要注意:前置刀架机床,车刀在X正向(远离工件为正)车外圆及镗孔时,主轴M02正转。前置刀架上正刀在(Z+向Z-进给)车外圆时用G42、反刀、镗刀用G41。
***然而,当你把镗刀绕道工件的大后方加工外圆时注意要M03反转(有时会有人做这样自作聪明的事情)。此时Z+走向Z-用G42会闯祸的,造成过切。***
后置刀架车床的话除了主轴旋转方向要注意外,其他都一样。
单纯的说 G42刀尖半径补偿右偏置用在车内孔的时候,车外圆时用G41. ,是不正确的,还要注意,有时刀具需要从左向右车削加工,则正好相反
数控车床的刀塔在操作者的一侧就是前置刀架,反之就是后置刀架。普通车床都是后置刀架。前置刀架时,G42刀尖半径补偿右偏置用在车内孔的时候,车外圆时用G41.
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